Peer-Reviewed Literature Synthesis

Long COVID Biomarker Atlas

Molecular, metabolic, and immunological alterations reported in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC / long COVID) compared to healthy controls and fully recovered individuals.

Literature Overview

Biomarkers below are included only where peer-reviewed literature explicitly reports the marker's direction in Long COVID patients relative to a named comparison population — not inferred.

77
Curated markers
10
Categories

Searchable Alterations Database

Comparison populations are quoted as reported in the source literature (e.g. healthy controls, disease-matched patients).

Marker / TestDirectionCategoryvs. ComparisonClinical ContextKey Reference

Key References

Peer-Reviewed Literature

Lai et al. 2023

DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1085988 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Lai et al. 2023; Saito et al. 2024

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341843 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Kallaste et al. 2025

DOI: 10.3390/medicina61060996 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Thomas et al. 2024

DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00731-z →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Baalbaki et al. 2025

DOI: 10.1111/all.16526 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Pérez-Mazliah et al. 2024

DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00706 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Pretorius et al. 2023

DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01931-4 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Wilhelm et al. 2026

DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00411-6 →
Disclaimer: Educational synthesis of peer-reviewed literature only — not medical advice. Markers are drawn from published disease-vs-comparison-population studies; inclusion here does not imply diagnostic or clinical validation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for interpretation.

Part of the Open Source Medicine Foundation Network

Open Source Medicine Foundation The OSMF hub — advancing open-source biomedical research infrastructure, tools, and evidence synthesis.
SpikeProtein.site Database and research resource on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein biology, persistence, and clinical implications.
Vaccine Data Navigator Open-access navigation tool for vaccine adverse event reporting and surveillance data.
VitalScan4PACVS Remote physiological monitoring study for post-acute COVID-19 vaccination syndrome.
PACVS Research Summit Annual summit convening researchers, clinicians, and patients on PACVS science.