Peer-Reviewed Literature Synthesis

Gulf War Illness Biomarker Atlas

Inflammatory, autoimmune, metabolic, cholinergic, and exposure-related biomarker alterations in Gulf War Illness (GWI / chronic multisymptom illness) compared to healthy deployed and non-deployed Gulf War veterans.

Literature Overview

Biomarkers below are included only where peer-reviewed literature explicitly reports the marker's direction in Gulf War Illness patients relative to a named comparison population — not inferred.

41
Curated markers
8
Categories

Searchable Alterations Database

Comparison populations are quoted as reported in the source literature (e.g. healthy controls, disease-matched patients).

Marker / TestDirectionCategoryvs. ComparisonClinical ContextKey Reference

Key References

Peer-Reviewed Literature

Johnson et al. 2016

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157855 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Gean et al. 2021

DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119456 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Maury & Holton 2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122876 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Baksh et al. 2021

DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab024 →
Peer-Reviewed Literature

Gaudiuso et al. 2022

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18807-5 →
Disclaimer: Educational synthesis of peer-reviewed literature only — not medical advice. Markers are drawn from published disease-vs-comparison-population studies; inclusion here does not imply diagnostic or clinical validation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for interpretation.

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