Disease overview

Alterations

186

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

466

Via biomarker

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

544

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Seeds, Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed MeSH, PubMed Literature · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-05

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

11% achieve drug-free remission (DFR) at median 74 months; most cohorts show 10-15% DFR ceiling

Best-intervention remission

Early aggressive treat-to-target improves DFR rates modestly; some biologic-era cohorts reach 20-25% DFR; on-drug remission rates (DAS28 <2.6) reach 40-60% with modern biologics and JAK inhibitors

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Small for drug-free remission (biological ceiling is genuinely low); large gap between on-drug remission and drug-free remission

Primary barrier

biological (DFR); practice (on-drug remission underachieved due to treatment inertia)

Barrier detail: Treat-to-target strategy is guideline-recommended but poorly implemented in routine care; many patients remain on inadequate therapy without escalation

Last SoC change: 2021 — ACR guidelines added JAK inhibitors with safety caveats; IL-6 inhibitors and IL-17 added to biologics ladder; treat-to-target explicitly endorsed; first-line (MTX) unchanged since 1990s

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0008383 · EFO: EFO_0000685 · OMIM: 180300 · ORPHA: ORPHA:284963 · MESH: D001172 · UMLS_CUI: C0003873

Alterations

186 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
Abnormal joint morphology	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal lymphocyte morphology	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal shoulder morphology	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormality of the knee	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormality of the temporomandibular joint	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormality of the wrist	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormality of tumor necrosis factor secretion	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Anemia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Anterior uveitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Anti-citrullinated protein antibody positivity	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Antinuclear antibody positivity	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Arthralgia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Arthritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Autoimmunity	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Bone marrow hypocellularity	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Cellulitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Chronic otitis media	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Decreased total leukocyte count	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Decreased total neutrophil count	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Digital flexor tenosynovitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Elevated circulating C-reactive protein concentration	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Enthesitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Episcleritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Fatigue	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Fever	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Finger dactylitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Generalized hyperpigmentation	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Generalized morning stiffness	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hepatomegaly	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Immunodeficiency	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Interphalangeal joint erosions	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Iridocyclitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Iritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Irregular hyperpigmentation	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Joint stiffness	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Joint swelling	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Juvenile onset	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Limitation of joint mobility	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Lymphadenopathy	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Lymphoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Malar rash	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Nail pits	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Oligoarthritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Onycholysis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Osteolysis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Pericarditis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Peripheral neuropathy	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Pleuritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Polyarticular arthritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Pruritus	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Psoriasiform dermatitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Psoriasiform lesion	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Pulmonary fibrosis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Recurrent infections	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Recurrent pharyngitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Recurrent pneumonia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Recurrent respiratory infections	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Recurrent urinary tract infections	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Reduced visual acuity	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Rheumatoid arthritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Rheumatoid factor positive	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Rhinitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Sacroiliac arthritis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Sepsis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Sinusitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Skin rash	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Splenomegaly	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Subcutaneous nodule	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Swan neck-like deformities of the fingers	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Synovitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Thrombocytopenia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Toe dactylitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Uveitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Vasculitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Weight loss	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
ACR 20 response	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
AFF3 ALF transcription elongation factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AIRE autoimmune regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ALOX5 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANKRD55 ankyrin repeat domain 55	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARID5B AT-rich interaction domain 5B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP4A ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP4B ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
B3GNT2 UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BACH2 BACH transcriptional regulator 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCL2L11 BCL2 like 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BLK BLK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Body Image Perception	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
CCL21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCR6 C-C motif chemokine receptor 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD2 CD2 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD226 CD226 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD40 CD40 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD80 CD80 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD83 CD83 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD86 CD86 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CIITA class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CLNK cytokine dependent hematopoietic cell linker	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Cross Tabulations of the Number of Participants With Positive and Negative Immunogenicity Status at Baseline and Each Visit During the ST Study (for ELISA Results)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
DHFR dihydrofolate reductase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DHODH dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Depressive Symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI)	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
EOMES eomesodermin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERAP1 endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ETS1 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ETV7 ETS variant transcription factor 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAM8A1 family with sequence similarity 8 member A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FCGR2A Fc gamma receptor IIa	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FCRL3 Fc receptor like 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT3 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GATA3 GATA binding protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HRH2 histamine receptor H2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFNGR2 interferon gamma receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL10 interleukin 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL12A interleukin 12A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL12B interleukin 12B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL12RB2 interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL13 interleukin 13	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL17A interleukin 17A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL17RA interleukin 17 receptor A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL1B interleukin 1 beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL1R1 interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL23A interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL23R interleukin 23 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL2RA interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL6 interleukin 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL6R interleukin 6 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Immunogenicity in MTX Naive and MTX-previous Users in Cohort 1 at Day 113 of the ST Study (for ELISA Results)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
JAK1 Janus kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JAK2 Janus kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JAK3 Janus kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LBH LBH regulator of Wnt signaling pathway	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MACIR macrophage immunometabolism regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MS4A1 membrane spanning 4-domains A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NCF2 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NFKBIA NFKB inhibitor alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NFKBIE NFKB inhibitor epsilon	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Number of Participants With MAs in Serum Chemistry (Liver and Kidney Function) During the LTE Period - All Treated Participants in LTE Study	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
PADI2 peptidyl arginine deiminase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PADI4 peptidyl arginine deiminase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE4A phosphodiesterase 4A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE4B phosphodiesterase 4B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE4C phosphodiesterase 4C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE4D phosphodiesterase 4D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLCL2 phospholipase C like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLD4 phospholipase D family member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPAT phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPIA peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGER3 prostaglandin E receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGS1 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTPN2 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTPN22 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved DAS28 (CRP) Response by European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Category at Day 85	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved DAS28 (CRP) Response by European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Category at Day 85 by Region	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
RASGRP1 RAS guanyl releasing protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
REL REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RTKN2 rhotekin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RUNX1 RUNX family transcription factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SH2B3 SH2B adaptor protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SPRED2 sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
STAT4 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SUOX sulfite oxidase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SYNGR1 synaptogyrin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TAGAP T cell activation RhoGTPase activating protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TLR7 toll like receptor 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TLR9 toll like receptor 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNF tumor necrosis factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFAIP3 TNF alpha induced protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFRSF1A TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFSF4 TNF superfamily member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNIP1 TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TRAF1 TNF receptor associated factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TRAF3IP2 TRAF3 interacting protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TYK2 tyrosine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UBASH3A ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
WDFY4 WDFY family member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
WOMAC ARTHRITIS INDEX	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
ZNF438 zinc finger protein 438	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
clinical status with the Oxford Knee Score	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, merged ranking, and clinical trial / literature evidence (top agents)

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07138898 — Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03737708 — A Study Comparing Biologics + Methotrexate With Biologics + Tacrolimus in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01850979 — Treatment of Dry Eye Using 0.03% Tacrolimus Eye Drops (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01746680 — Efficacy and Safety Study of Tacrobell to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00036153 — Study to Assess Efficacy of Tacrolimus + Methotrexate Versus Placebo + Methotrexate in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01224418 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tacrolimus in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Shown Unsuccessful Response to Methotrexate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01511003 — A Study is to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Who Showed Unsuccessful Response to Existing Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00319917 — A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy on Joint Damage in RA Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABATACEPT	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 57 Cochrane 74 Meta-analysis 126 Trial pubs 102 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00547521 — Phase IIIB Subcutaneous Abatacept Monotherapy Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04909801 — A Study to Compare the Response to Treatment With Abatacept vs Adalimumab, on Background Methotrexate, in Adults With Early, Seropositive, and Shared Epitope-positive Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01299961 — Ultrasound Scores as Indication of Response to Subcutaneous Abatacept in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NCT02500498 — Safety Profile of Nulojix in Home Infusion Settings (COMPLETED) NCT00947492 — Monitoring Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Load in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With New Immunosuppressive Drugs (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03187444 — Cardiovascular Risk and Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatism (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Detectable safety gestalt of rheumatoid arthritis treatments from pivotal clinical drug trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Effect of targeted therapies on pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Cochrane review Long-term persistence of biological agents in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Mechanism and clinical utility of abatacept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Expert opinion on drug safety, 2026) Meta-analysis Updated systematic literature review and meta-analysis to inform the Italian Society of Rheumatology Recommendations on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (Autoimmunity reviews, 2025) Meta-analysis Abatacept and the risk of malignancy: a meta-analysis across disease indications (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025) Systematic review Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: What is new since the 2022 SER-SEPAR recommendations? (Reumatologia clinica, 2026) Systematic review From Methotrexate Resistance to Biologic and Targeted Pharmacotherapy: A Decade of Phase 4 Clinical Trials Evidence in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Drug design, development and therapy, 2026) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of branebrutinib (BMS-986195), an irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Certolizumab pegol, abatacept, tocilizumab or active conventional therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: 48-week patient-reported outcomes from the NORD-STAR trial (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant zoster vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using abatacept: a pilot multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADALIMUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 69 Cochrane 125 Meta-analysis 298 Trial pubs 213 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01185301 — Study to Determine the Effects of Different Doses of Methotrexate (MTX) When Taken With Adalimumab in Subjects With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00690573 — Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Adalimumab in Japanese Children With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02019472 — A Study Comparing Sirukumab (CNTO 136) Monotherapy With Adalimumab (HUMIRA®) Monotherapy in the Treatment of Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04985435 — Better After CHoosing. Randomly Allocated or Patient Preference Based Treatment With Filgotinib or TNFi in RA (BACH) (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01692899 — Retention Rates of Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab as First and Second-Line Biotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Daily Practice (COMPLETED) NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT04909801 — A Study to Compare the Response to Treatment With Abatacept vs Adalimumab, on Background Methotrexate, in Adults With Early, Seropositive, and Shared Epitope-positive Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01793519 — Stopping TNF Alpha Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Hepatitis B reactivation linked to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2025) Cochrane review Comparison of the efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors and adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis (Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2025) Cochrane review Approaches and outcomes of adalimumab discontinuation in patients with well-controlled inflammatory arthritis: a systematic search and review (Pediatric rheumatology online journal, 2024) Cochrane review Merkel cell carcinoma associated with TNF inhibitor therapy: a systematic review of case reports (Dermatology online journal, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of current therapies for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of translational medicine, 2024) Meta-analysis The efficacy and safety of different Janus kinase inhibitors as monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2024) Systematic review Fungal Infections Associated With TNF-Inhibitors: A 20-Year of a Systematic Review Fungal Infections and TNF-Inhibitors (Mycoses, 2025) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib compared with adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 7-year data from the SELECT-COMPARE study (RMD open, 2026) Clinical trial publication Upadacitinib vs adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a prior inadequate response or intolerance to a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor: 12-week results from the randomised, double-blind, SELECT-SWITCH study (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication A head-to-head comparison of TNF-α inhibitors as the first biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 25 Cochrane 31 Meta-analysis 35 Trial pubs 25 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NCT00111410 — Evaluating the Effect of Anakinra (r-metHuIL-1ra) on Vaccine AntibodyResponse in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02236481 — Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Anakinra in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Diabetes (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT02175056 — A Dose-Block Randomized, Placebo Controlled (Double-blind), Active Controlled(Open-label), Dose-escalation Study (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05119452 — Screening for Flare After b/tsDMARD Discontinuation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01033656 — Treatment of Refractory Adult-onset Still's Disease With Anakinra: a Randomized Study (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00121056 — REKinDLE: Registry With Enbrel® or Kineret® in a Database Using Longitudinal Evaluations (COMPLETED) NCT00037700 — Evaluation of the Efficacy of Combination Treatment With Anakinra and Pegsunercept in Improving Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of therapies for Still's disease and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS): a systematic review informing the EULAR/PReS guidelines for the management of Still's disease (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2024) Cochrane review Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Pharmacological Interventions in Adult-Onset Still Disease and the Role of Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (The Journal of rheumatology, 2024) Cochrane review Effectiveness and adverse effects of anakinra in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2021) Cochrane review Fusion proteins of biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): A network meta-analysis (Medicine, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of topical and systemic medications: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjögren's syndrome (RMD open, 2019) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of biologic drugs in Still's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025) Meta-analysis Comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data (BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2020) Systematic review Vascular effects of biologic and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs approved for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (Clinical rheumatology, 2023) Systematic review Systematic Review of Safety and Efficacy of IL-1-Targeted Biologics in Treating Immune-Mediated Disorders (Frontiers in immunology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Benefits of anakinra versus TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes: long-term findings from participants furtherly followed-up in the TRACK study, a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial (Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Anti-interleukin-1 treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes (TRACK): A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial (PLoS medicine, 2019) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of inhibition of interleukin 1 and 6 on myocardial, coronary and vascular function (Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AURANOFIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 Cochrane 7 Meta-analysis 119 Trial pubs 48 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2010) Cochrane review Auranofin versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000) Meta-analysis The effect of treatment on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2003) Meta-analysis Second line (disease modifying) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: which drug for which patient? (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1993) Meta-analysis Cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis: overview of efficacy (British journal of rheumatology, 1993) Meta-analysis Use of short-term efficacy/toxicity tradeoffs to select second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. A metaanalysis of published clinical trials (Arthritis and rheumatism, 1992) Systematic review Rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis: a case-based review of the therapeutic options (Clinical rheumatology, 2022) Systematic review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2013 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2014) Clinical trial publication Erythrocyte membrane gold levels after treatment with auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate (Biological trace element research, 2008) Clinical trial publication Aggressive treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. On behalf of the Rheumatic Research Foundation Utrecht, The Netherlands (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2000) Clinical trial publication Does sulphasalazine cause drug induced systemic lupus erythematosus? No effect evident in a prospective randomised trial of 200 rheumatoid patients treated with sulphasalazine or auranofin over five years (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1999) Clinical trial publication [Comparative study of the effects of auranofin and aurothiomalate on laboratory and clinical indicators in patients with rheumatoid arthritis] (Reumatizam, 1998) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZATHIOPRINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 9 Cochrane 12 Meta-analysis 64 Trial pubs 31 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01646385 — Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Etanercept in Patients Treated Over the Long-term in Real-world Clinical Practice, Using Data Collected by the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Registry (COMPLETED) NCT01033656 — Treatment of Refractory Adult-onset Still's Disease With Anakinra: a Randomized Study (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00531817 — A Study of Tocilizumab in Combination With DMARDs in Patients With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07138898 — Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03414502 — Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis With DMARDs: Predictors of Response (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT03449758 — Effect of Sarilumab on Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02281799 — Thiopurine Induced Pancreatitis in IBD Patients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT01941095 — A Study of Subcutaneous Tocilizumab as Monotherapy and/or in Combination With Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review To stop the erosion of hope: the DMARD category and the place of semantics in modern rheumatology (Inflammopharmacology, 2017) Cochrane review Methotrexate monotherapy and methotrexate combination therapy with traditional and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Methotrexate for treating rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review Interstitial lung diseases induced or exacerbated by DMARDS and biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2014) Cochrane review Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2010) Meta-analysis Effect of monotherapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of 64 treatment arms from 31 randomized controlled trials (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2026) Meta-analysis Progression of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatic diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Indian journal of tuberculosis, 2025) Meta-analysis Cost-utility analysis of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) and biosimilar DMARDs (bsDMARDs) combined with methotrexate for Thai rheumatoid arthritis patients with high disease activity (BMC health services research, 2023) Meta-analysis Preoperative Use of Methotrexate and the Risk of Early Postoperative Complications in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2016) Systematic review Overlap syndrome of anti-aquaporin 4 positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and primary Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review of individual patient data (Rheumatology international, 2024) Systematic review Treatment of relapsing polychondritis: a systematic review (Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2022) Systematic review Immunosuppressive treatment for peripheral neuropathies in Sjogren's syndrome - a systematic review (Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BARICITINIB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 11 Cochrane 14 Meta-analysis 40 Trial pubs 36 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02780323 — Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of CELBESTA® and CELEBREX® in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00141102 — Study Of Celecoxib Or Diclofenac And Omeprazole For Gastrointestinal (GI) Safety In High GI Risk Patients With Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00424294 — A Study Of CP-195543 And Celecoxib Dual Therapy In Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00652925 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib Suspension Compared to Naproxen Suspension in Patients With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00688545 — Naturalistic Safety Registry Of Celecoxib (CELEBREX(R)) And NSAIDs In Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (TERMINATED) NCT00346216 — Prospective Randomized Evaluation Of Celecoxib Integrated Safety Vs Ibuprofen Or Naproxen (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03912428 — Novel PET Radioligand as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Musculoskeletal Conditions (TERMINATED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of analgesic treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis related pain (Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2025) Cochrane review Current Evidence on Celecoxib Safety in the Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: An Umbrella Review (Drugs, 2025) Cochrane review Overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews of rehabilitation interventions for persons with rheumatoid arthritis: a mapping synthesis (European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2023) Cochrane review Cardiovascular safety of celecoxib in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Cochrane review Use of corticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Meta-analysis WITHDRAWN: Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Systematic review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a herbal formulation for rheumatoid arthritis - A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2024) Clinical trial publication [Moxibustion combined with western medication for rheumatoid arthritis with blood stasis obstruction and its effect on platelet activation] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2023) Clinical trial publication Cardiorenal risk of celecoxib compared with naproxen or ibuprofen in arthritis patients: insights from the PRECISION trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the efficacy and safety of CELBESTA® versus CELEBREX® in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 6-week, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority phase 4 clinical trial (The Journal of international medical research, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CORTISONE ACETATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	6 trials 1 Meta-analysis 14 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03337165 — Autologous Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells for Treatment of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01316770 — Dexamethasone Irrigation of the Parotid Glands in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Subjects (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02666443 — Low Dose Dexamethasone in Supraclavicular Blocks (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00244153 — Intraarticular Opioids Vs Glucocorticosteroids in Gonarthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT06842316 — Effects of Phytocannabinoids on Immune Response and Autophagy During Chronic Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases (RECRUITING) NCT00631358 — Assessment of Inflammatory Biomarkers Expressed in a Sjogren's Population: Effect of a Topical Steroid Intervention (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Meta-Analysis of in vitro-Differentiated Macrophages Identifies Transcriptomic Signatures That Classify Disease Macrophages in vivo (Frontiers in immunology, 2019) Clinical trial publication AZD9567 versus prednisolone in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, efficacy, and safety study (Clinical and translational science, 2023) Clinical trial publication A double-blind randomized comparative study of triamcinolone hexacetonide and dexamethasone intra-articular injection for the treatment of knee joint arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis (Clinical rheumatology, 2016) Clinical trial publication Randomized double-blind study of the effect of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone pulse in the control of rheumatoid arthritis flare-up: a preliminary study (International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2014) Clinical trial publication In vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity is associated with clinical glucocorticoid therapy outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (Arthritis research & therapy, 2012) Clinical trial publication Local administration of glucocorticoids decreases synovial citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis (Arthritis research & therapy, 2012) Randomized controlled trial Effect of dexamethasone on autoantibody levels and arthritis development in patients with arthralgia: a randomised trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPAM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 43 Trial pubs 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00141102 — Study Of Celecoxib Or Diclofenac And Omeprazole For Gastrointestinal (GI) Safety In High GI Risk Patients With Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00092742 — Investigational Drug Versus an Approved Drug in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (0663-072) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01579890 — Compassionate Use of Pennsaid Topical Lotion (Diclofenac) in Osteo or Rheumatoid Arthritis (APPROVED_FOR_MARKETING) NCT00250445 — A Study to Evaluate the Safety of an Investigational Drug (Etoricoxib) in Patients With Osteoarthritis (OA) or Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)(0663-066) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01067430 — Comparison of the Effect of Etoricoxib and Diclofenac on Early Morning Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT06594822 — Effectiveness of Probiotics in Patients of Mild to Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00264147 — Rheumatoid Arthritis Dose Ranging Study (0663-086)(COMPLETED) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Meta-analysis: upper gastrointestinal tolerability of valdecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor, compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2005) Clinical trial publication Formulation of Topical Dosage Forms Containing Synthetic and Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020) Clinical trial publication [Long-snake moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis:a randomized controlled trial] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2016) Clinical trial publication [Clinical efficacy of moxibustion as supplement on rheumatoid arthritis and the exploration on its mechanism] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2016) Clinical trial publication A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2012) Clinical trial publication [Dynamics of intragastric acidity in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis during therapy with diclofenac sodium] (Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology, 2011) Randomized controlled trial [Observation on therapeutic effect of muscular needling combined with scarring moxibustion on active stage of rheumatoid arthritis] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Impact of concomitant low-dose aspirin on the safety and tolerability of naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release tablets in patients requiring chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy: an analysis from 5 Phase III studies (Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2014) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety of naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium fixed-dose combination: phase III study in patients at risk for NSAID-associated gastric ulcers (Current medical research and opinion, 2011) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETANERCEPT	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 64 Cochrane 101 Meta-analysis 285 Trial pubs 191 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00245934 — Study Evaluating Enbrel in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) NCT01623752 — Prospective Evaluation of the Radiographic Efficacy of Enbrel (COMPLETED) NCT04985435 — Better After CHoosing. Randomly Allocated or Patient Preference Based Treatment With Filgotinib or TNFi in RA (BACH) (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01692899 — Retention Rates of Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab as First and Second-Line Biotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Daily Practice (COMPLETED) NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT01793519 — Stopping TNF Alpha Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02357069 — A Study Comparing LBEC0101 to Enbrel® in Subjects With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Therapy (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Hepatitis B reactivation linked to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2025) Cochrane review Long-term persistence of biological agents in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of biosimilars compared with the biologic etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Systematic reviews, 2024) Cochrane review Merkel cell carcinoma associated with TNF inhibitor therapy: a systematic review of case reports (Dermatology online journal, 2024) Meta-analysis Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Combination Therapies: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Meta-analysis Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis and risk of incident dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis (RMD open, 2024) Systematic review Fungal Infections Associated With TNF-Inhibitors: A 20-Year of a Systematic Review Fungal Infections and TNF-Inhibitors (Mycoses, 2025) Clinical trial publication Response of ultrasound-assessed synovitis to baricitinib, in monotherapy and combined with methotrexate, compared with etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, international, multicentre trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication A head-to-head comparison of TNF-α inhibitors as the first biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatments on T cell cytokine production in patients with inflammatory joint diseases - comparison of etanercept and anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. A double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study (Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2025) Clinical trial publication Discontinuation versus continuation of maintenance treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity or remission: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETODOLAC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	1 trials 3 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 30 Trial pubs 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02180516 — Safety and Efficacy of Meloxicam Compared to Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in an Observational Cohort Study of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Lumbago, Scapulohumeral Periarthritis, Neck, Shoulder and Arm Syndrome (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of analgesic treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis related pain (Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2025) Cochrane review Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis) (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Cochrane review Number needed to treat (NNT): implication in rheumatology clinical practice (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2003) Meta-analysis Cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and lumiracoxib) for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2008) Meta-analysis Meta-analysis of two double-blind comparative studies with the sustained-release form of etodolac in rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology international, 1993) Clinical trial publication Patient retention and hand-wrist radiograph progression of rheumatoid arthritis during a 3-year prospective study that prohibited disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (The Journal of rheumatology, 2004) Clinical trial publication Progression of radiographic joint erosion during low dose corticosteroid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (The Journal of rheumatology, 2000) Clinical trial publication [Investigation of plasma levels of etodolac and urine PGE2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis] (Ryumachi. [Rheumatism], 1999) Clinical trial publication Double blind evaluation of the long-term effects of etodolac versus ibuprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement, 1997) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the efficacy and safety of etodolac and piroxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Etodolac Study 326 Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group (The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement, 1997) Randomized controlled trial Double-blind comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Clinical therapeutics, 1993) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLIMUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 227 Trial pubs 110 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Flurbiprofen in the symptomatic management of rheumatoid arthritis: a valuable alternative (International journal of clinical practice, 2007) Systematic review Natural and iatrogenic ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (International ophthalmology, 2022) Systematic review Acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2008) Clinical trial publication Chronotherapeutic drug delivery from indomethacin compression coated tablets for early morning pain associated rheumatoid arthritis (Current drug delivery, 2013) Clinical trial publication Effects of selective and non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2007) Clinical trial publication [Effect of strengthening Pi and activating blood circulation therapy on serum levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and vascular endothelial growth factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients] (Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2007) Clinical trial publication Effects of the topical treatment with NSAIDs on corneal sensitivity and ocular surface of Sjögren's syndrome patients (Eye (London, England), 2005) Clinical trial publication Ketotifen in prevention of indomethacin-induced gastropathy (Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 1999) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLIXIMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 57 Cochrane 100 Meta-analysis 335 Trial pubs 164 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01692899 — Retention Rates of Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab as First and Second-Line Biotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Daily Practice (COMPLETED) NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT01793519 — Stopping TNF Alpha Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00440817 — An Observational Study of Lymphoma in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis or Crohn's Disease. (COMPLETED) NCT00714493 — RESTART C0168Z05 Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00202852 — A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Randomized Trial of Remicade in Korean Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate (Study P04280)(COMPLETED) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00808210 — A Study to Evaluate Ocrelizumab in Combination With Methotrexate Compared With Infliximab Plus Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Currently Responding Inadequately to Etanercept or Adalimumab (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01927263 — A Phase 3 Study of NI-071 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Hepatitis B reactivation linked to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2025) Cochrane review Merkel cell carcinoma associated with TNF inhibitor therapy: a systematic review of case reports (Dermatology online journal, 2024) Cochrane review Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis and risk of incident dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis (RMD open, 2024) Cochrane review Therapeutic Equivalence of Biosimilar and Reference Biologic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (JAMA network open, 2023) Meta-analysis IL17 genetic variants impact the response and safety of TNFi treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Bahia, Brazil (Gene, 2026) Meta-analysis Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Combination Therapies: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Meta-analysis The Association between Genetics and Response to Treatment with Biologics in Patients with Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (International journal of molecular sciences, 2024) Systematic review Fungal Infections Associated With TNF-Inhibitors: A 20-Year of a Systematic Review Fungal Infections and TNF-Inhibitors (Mycoses, 2025) Clinical trial publication A head-to-head comparison of TNF-α inhibitors as the first biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Discontinuation versus continuation of maintenance treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity or remission: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Switching from originator infliximab to biosimilar infliximab in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving clinical remission (the IFX-SIRIUS study I): An interventional, multicenter, open-label, single-arm clinical trial with clinical, ultrasound and biomarker assessments (Drug discoveries & therapeutics, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEFLUNOMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 28 Cochrane 26 Meta-analysis 142 Trial pubs 95 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01646385 — Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Etanercept in Patients Treated Over the Long-term in Real-world Clinical Practice, Using Data Collected by the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Registry (COMPLETED) NCT01313208 — Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) With Etanercept (Enbrel) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02930343 — Comparison of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Therapy in Patients With RA Failing Methotrexate Monotherapy (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00579878 — Triple III Comparison of Leflunomide Alone Versus Two DMARD Combinations in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00596206 — Leflunomide EfficAcy Response Related to Dosing Regimen in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05782335 — Analysis of T and B Cell Repertoire Changes in Response to Orencia® (Abatacept) in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RECRUITING) NCT01033656 — Treatment of Refractory Adult-onset Still's Disease With Anakinra: a Randomized Study (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00531817 — A Study of Tocilizumab in Combination With DMARDs in Patients With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Perioperative use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in people with inflammatory arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Risk factors for incidence of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMJ open respiratory research, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors and leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2022) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2023) Meta-analysis Effect of monotherapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of 64 treatment arms from 31 randomized controlled trials (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2026) Meta-analysis Progression of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatic diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Indian journal of tuberculosis, 2025) Meta-analysis Clinical safety of total glucosides of paeony adjuvant therapy for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021) Systematic review What are the core recommendations for rheumatoid arthritis care? Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (Clinical rheumatology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Repurposing leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine to treat Sjögren's disease (RepurpSS-II): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Transcriptomic stratification predicts response to rituximab, abatacept, or the association of hydroxychloroquine and leflunomide in 3 randomised controlled clinical trials of Sjögren's disease (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication Proteins linked to type II interferon response in Sjögren's disease: novel indicators for disease monitoring and predicting treatment response to leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine combination therapy (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELOXICAM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 2 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 18 Trial pubs 15 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00239382 — A Study to Compare Meloxicam IM Once Daily Versus Meloxicam Orally Once Daily in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00034853 — Meloxicam [Mobic] in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00042068 — A Multi-Center Trial to Compare Three Doses of Meloxicam and Placebo in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00279747 — A One Year Double-blind Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam Oral Suspension in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA/JIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02180516 — Safety and Efficacy of Meloxicam Compared to Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in an Observational Cohort Study of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Lumbago, Scapulohumeral Periarthritis, Neck, Shoulder and Arm Syndrome (COMPLETED) NCT00612885 — Safety and Efficacy of Mobic Inj. (Meloxicam) for the Patients With OA or RA: Observational Study (COMPLETED) NCT02184065 — Observational Study of Meloxicam in Mexican Patients With Rheumatic Diseases (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Clinical safety of total glucosides of paeony adjuvant therapy for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021) Meta-analysis Cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and lumiracoxib) for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2008) Meta-analysis [Meta-analysis on the effect and adverse reaction on patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs] (Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi, 2003) Clinical trial publication [Clinical therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis treated with the assisted therapy of acupuncture at the points detected with thermosensitive moxibustion in Zhuang medicine] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2018) Clinical trial publication A randomized multicenter clinical trial of (99) Tc-methylene diphosphonate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2018) Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of long-term esomeprazole 20 mg in Japanese patients with a history of peptic ulcer receiving daily non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (BMC gastroenterology, 2013) Clinical trial publication Comparable efficacy of standardized Ayurveda formulation and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQS) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a randomized investigator-blind controlled study (Clinical rheumatology, 2012) Clinical trial publication [Effects of wenhua juanbi recipe on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients] (Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2009) Randomized controlled trial [Clinical randomized study of bee-sting therapy for rheumatoid arthritis] (Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 173 Cochrane 246 Meta-analysis 1645 Trial pubs 1245 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01185301 — Study to Determine the Effects of Different Doses of Methotrexate (MTX) When Taken With Adalimumab in Subjects With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06073093 — A Study to Evaluate SAR441566 Efficacy and Safety in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00547521 — Phase IIIB Subcutaneous Abatacept Monotherapy Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00867516 — Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics Study of ALD518 in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07357649 — Baricitinib Effects on Procoagulant State in Rheumatoid Arthritis (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01050998 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CAM-3001 (Drug) in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01410695 — Masitinib in Refractory Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04909801 — A Study to Compare the Response to Treatment With Abatacept vs Adalimumab, on Background Methotrexate, in Adults With Early, Seropositive, and Shared Epitope-positive Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Prevalence and risk factors of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2026) Cochrane review Perioperative use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in people with inflammatory arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Gastrointestinal adverse events among methotrexate users in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Systematic review of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients of reproductive age: informing the 2024 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis-secondary publication (Modern rheumatology, 2026) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2026) Meta-analysis Association of folylpolyglutamate synthase polymorphisms with methotrexate response and toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis (The pharmacogenomics journal, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of monotherapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of 64 treatment arms from 31 randomized controlled trials (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2026) Systematic review The impact of gene polymorphisms on the response of methotrexate-based treatments (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib compared with adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 7-year data from the SELECT-COMPARE study (RMD open, 2026) Clinical trial publication Mechanistic study on the reduction of TNF-α and β-CTX levels in RA patients by moxibustion combined with western medication through regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Frontiers in immunology, 2026) Clinical trial publication The Kunduan Yimu decoction improves rheumatoid arthritis by targeting microRNA-155-5p to enhance autophagy and reduce inflammation (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXEN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 11 Cochrane 18 Meta-analysis 210 Trial pubs 118 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00034853 — Meloxicam [Mobic] in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00959439 — Relative Bioavailability Study of Naproxen Delayed-Release Tablets (375 mg) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05504382 — Effect of Electroacupuncture on Refractory Pain in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00626275 — Study Evaluating the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of ADL5859 in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00279747 — A One Year Double-blind Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam Oral Suspension in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA/JIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00652925 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib Suspension Compared to Naproxen Suspension in Patients With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00527904 — A 12-month, Phase 3, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of PN400 (VIMOVO) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Use of corticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Cochrane review Gastrointestinal safety of etoricoxib in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis (PloS one, 2018) Cochrane review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review WITHDRAWN: Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Relative benefit-risk comparing diclofenac to other traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis (Arthritis research & therapy, 2015) Clinical trial publication Cardiorenal risk of celecoxib compared with naproxen or ibuprofen in arthritis patients: insights from the PRECISION trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication Derivation and Validation of a Major Toxicity Risk Score Among Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Users Based on Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial (Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2019) Clinical trial publication The potential benefits of aspirin for primary cardiovascular prevention in rheumatoid arthritis: a secondary analysis of the PRECISION Trial (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2018) Clinical trial publication Randomised clinical trial: gastrointestinal events in arthritis patients treated with celecoxib, ibuprofen or naproxen in the PRECISION trial (Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2018) Clinical trial publication Differences in Safety of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXEN SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 5 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00034853 — Meloxicam [Mobic] in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00959439 — Relative Bioavailability Study of Naproxen Delayed-Release Tablets (375 mg) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05504382 — Effect of Electroacupuncture on Refractory Pain in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00626275 — Study Evaluating the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of ADL5859 in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00279747 — A One Year Double-blind Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam Oral Suspension in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA/JIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00652925 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib Suspension Compared to Naproxen Suspension in Patients With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00527904 — A 12-month, Phase 3, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of PN400 (VIMOVO) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Clinical trial publication Naproxen concentrations in articular tissues after prolonged treatment with naproxen sodium in patients with arthritis of the hip (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1998) Clinical trial publication Clinical efficacy and safety of Naprelan versus Naprosyn in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.), 1996) Clinical trial publication [Clinical use of naproxen sodium in muscular skeletal disorders] (Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery], 1990) Clinical trial publication A double-blind, cross-over study of naproxen sodium and soluble aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis (The British journal of clinical practice, 1981) Clinical trial publication A single-dose analgesic study of naproxen sodium and soluble aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Current medical research and opinion, 1981) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIROXICAM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	3 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 79 Trial pubs 35 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of analgesic treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis related pain (Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2025) Cochrane review Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis) (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Meta-analysis Meta-analysis of two double-blind comparative studies with the sustained-release form of etodolac in rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology international, 1993) Clinical trial publication The Effectiveness of Olive Oil in Controlling Morning Inflammatory Pain of Phalanges and Knees Among Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Rehabilitation nursing : the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, 2020) Clinical trial publication Meloxicam in acute episodes of soft-tissue rheumatism of the shoulder (Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2001) Clinical trial publication Piroxicam concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid after a single dose of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2001) Clinical trial publication Diclofenac/misoprostol: the European clinical experience (The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement, 1998) Clinical trial publication Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: support for the concept of "responders" and "nonresponders" (Arthritis and rheumatism, 1997) Randomized controlled trial Cyclosporine and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: exploring potential drug interactions and their implications for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1997) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 7 Cochrane 13 Meta-analysis 198 Trial pubs 129 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00938587 — A Study Of PF-04171327 In The Treatment Of The Signs And Symptoms Of Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03886038 — Subunit Vaccine Against Herpes Zoster in RA Patients Treated With JAK-inhibitors (VACCIMIL-ZOSTER) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT04169100 — Novel Form of Acquired Long QT Syndrome (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02370550 — Cyclosporine A in the TReatment of Interstitial Pneumonitis Associated With Sjogren's Syndrome (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01172639 — Effectiveness in Daily Practice of Different Treatment Strategies for Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07245732 — Oral Versus Intramuscular Steroid Use to Control Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT00580229 — A Safety Analysis of Oral Prednisone as a Pre-Treatment for Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis. (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02779114 — RETRO (REduction of Therapy in RA Patients in Ongoing Remission) (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Safety and efficacy associated with long-term low-dose glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2023) Cochrane review Glucocorticoid use in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the onset of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of osteopathic medicine, 2023) Cochrane review Use of corticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Cochrane review Risk factors for hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis patients-A systematic review (Autoimmunity reviews, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoids and tofacitinib: a systematic literature review informing the 2013 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2014) Meta-analysis Changes in bone mineral density and fractures during 2 years of low-dose glucocorticoid treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and individual participant data meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Meta-analysis Progression of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatic diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Indian journal of tuberculosis, 2025) Meta-analysis Continuing versus tapering low-dose glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in states of low disease activity or remission: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2024) Systematic review Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease: Comprehensive Review (Current rheumatology reports, 2023) Clinical trial publication A comparison of short-term efficacy and toxicity of 2 glucocorticoid bridging strategies in 2 clinical trials in early rheumatoid and undifferentiated arthritis (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparison of two strategies of glucocorticoid withdrawal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in low disease activity (STAR): a randomised, placebo- controlled, double-blind trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2025) Clinical trial publication Prednisone use, disease activity and the occurrence of hyperglycaemia and diabetes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a 10-year subanalysis of the BeSt study (RMD open, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RITUXIMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 64 Cochrane 88 Meta-analysis 156 Trial pubs 89 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05487703 — A Study To Describe The Use Of Tofacitinib After Use Of Rituximab In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis In A Real-World Setting (COMPLETED) NCT03061838 — Safety, Tolerability, PK and PD of Biosimilar Drug Ritumax® Compared to Original Drug MabThera® (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT00664521 — Atacicept in Combination With Rituximab in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (August III) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT06475495 — Comparison of B-cell Depletion by Rituximab and Anti-CD 19 CAR-T Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00422383 — A Study of Retreatment With MabThera (Rituximab) in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Detectable safety gestalt of rheumatoid arthritis treatments from pivotal clinical drug trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Cochrane review Effect of targeted therapies on pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Cochrane review Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy of non-conventional synthetic DMARDs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2023) Cochrane review Effect of body mass index on treatment response of biologic/targeted-synthetic DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis. A systematic review (Autoimmunity reviews, 2023) Meta-analysis Effects of biologic and targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) on patient-reported outcome domains in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analyses (RMD open, 2026) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2025) Meta-analysis Updated systematic literature review and meta-analysis to inform the Italian Society of Rheumatology Recommendations on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (Autoimmunity reviews, 2025) Systematic review Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: What is new since the 2022 SER-SEPAR recommendations? (Reumatologia clinica, 2026) Clinical trial publication Transcriptomic stratification predicts response to rituximab, abatacept, or the association of hydroxychloroquine and leflunomide in 3 randomised controlled clinical trials of Sjögren's disease (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication Deep molecular profiling of synovial biopsies in the STRAP trial identifies signatures predictive of treatment response to biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (Nature communications, 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparing immunogenicity and safety following transition from reference rituximab to biosimilar rituximab (DRL_RI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study (Arthritis research & therapy, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARILUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 6 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 33 Trial pubs 29 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04505982 — Anti IL6R Reduce Complement Serum Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Facts and Implications (UNKNOWN) NCT01146652 — Long Term Evaluation of Sarilumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (SARIL-RA-EXTEND) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05119452 — Screening for Flare After b/tsDMARD Discontinuation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03378219 — An Observational Study on Sarilumab-exposed Pregnancies (COMPLETED) NCT01026519 — A Safety and Tolerability Study of REGN88(SAR153191) in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01328522 — Comparison of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Two SAR153191 (REGN88) Drug Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02293902 — A Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab Added to MTX in Japanese Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (SARIL-RA-KAKEHASI) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of pharmacological interventions: a systematic review informing the 2023 EULAR recommendations for the management of fatigue in people with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD open, 2023) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2023) Cochrane review Comparison of the efficacy and safety indicators of DMARDs for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis (Medicine, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy of pharmacological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature research informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2020) Cochrane review Effect of biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2019) Meta-analysis Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, sarilumab, and olokizumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie, 2024) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy and safety of biologic agents in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2022) Meta-analysis Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, sarilumab, and sirukumab in comparison with adalimumab as monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2021) Systematic review From Methotrexate Resistance to Biologic and Targeted Pharmacotherapy: A Decade of Phase 4 Clinical Trials Evidence in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Drug design, development and therapy, 2026) Systematic review Response to interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is independent of the number of prior used TNF inhibitors: A systematic review and metaanalysis (Joint bone spine, 2021) Systematic review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2020) Clinical trial publication Deciphering differential biomarkers for anti-interleukin-6 receptor and anti-tumour necrosis factor-α treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis by multiomics analysis (RMD open, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 48 Cochrane 81 Meta-analysis 181 Trial pubs 133 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01564901 — An Observational Study of RoActemra/Actemra (Tocilizumab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Glucocorticoids (COMPLETED) NCT01717859 — Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Predicting Early Dose Titration With Tocilizumab (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00773461 — A Study of Tocilizumab in Combination With DMARD Therapy in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01242488 — Efficacy and Safety of CDP6038 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With an Unsuccessful Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (Anti-TNF) Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00144547 — Long-term Treatment Study of MRA for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) From Study MRA012JP (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01587989 — A Study of RoActemra/Actemra (Tocilizumab) With or Without Methotrexate in Patients With Mild to Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis With an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Effect of targeted therapies on pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Cochrane review Long-term persistence of biological agents in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Cardiovascular safety of the class of JAK inhibitors or tocilizumab compared with TNF inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and a traditional and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2024) Cochrane review Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Dementia Prevention: A Systematic Review of Observational Evidence in Rheumatoid Arthritis (The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 2024) Cochrane review Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Pharmacological Interventions in Adult-Onset Still Disease and the Role of Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (The Journal of rheumatology, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of current therapies for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of translational medicine, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of biologic drugs in Still's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of filgotinib versus tocilizumab in active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, open-label, multicenter study with clinical and musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation (TRANSFORM study) (Drug discoveries & therapeutics, 2026) Clinical trial publication Certolizumab pegol, abatacept, tocilizumab or active conventional therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: 48-week patient-reported outcomes from the NORD-STAR trial (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in adult-onset Still's disease: open-label, long-term extension of the phase III trial (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Disease activity and treatment response in early rheumatoid arthritis: an exploratory metabolomic profiling in the NORD-STAR cohort (Arthritis research & therapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar CT-P47 Versus Reference Tocilizumab: 1-Year Results of a Randomised, Active-Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase III Study in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (Clinical drug investigation, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFACITINIB CITRATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05487703 — A Study To Describe The Use Of Tofacitinib After Use Of Rituximab In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis In A Real-World Setting (COMPLETED) NCT03992781 — Changes of Depression After First-year of Tofacitinib in RA Patients (COMPLETED) NCT04876781 — Korean Post-marketing Surveillance for Xeljanz XR (RECRUITING) NCT04413617 — TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PF-06650833, PF-06651600, AND TOFACITINIB ALONE AND IN COMBINATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS WITH AN INADEQUATE RESPONSE TO METHOTREXATE (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01101919 — CP-690,550 Pharmacokinetics In Healthy Chinese Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02281552 — A Study To Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of Tofacitinib Modified Release Tablets Compared To Tofacitinib Immediate Release Tablets In Adult Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00847613 — A 2-Year Phase 3 Study Of CP-690,550 In Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis On Background Methotrexate (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03073109 — Patient-Reported Outcomes In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Tofacitinib Or Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) In Real Life Conditions (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALSALAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BALSALAZIDE DISODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ESOMEPRAZOLE STRONTIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCARPIDASE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANSOPRAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASOPROCOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECLOFENAMATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MECLOFENAMATE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESALAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MILK THISTLE SEED EXTRACT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MONTELUKAST SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLSALAZINE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELENIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFASALAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONOPRAZAN FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZILEUTON Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CORTICOTROPIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSTAMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIZORIBINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCRELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEFICITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELUBIPROFEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SECUKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIRUKUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TABALUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE HEXACETONIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUCILLAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4303669	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CILENGITIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CILOSTAZOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPEMASTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENOSUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIOSMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESZOPICLONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSTAMATINIB DISODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GAMOLENIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW-406381	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HESPERIDIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVARMACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOCARNITINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMIRACOXIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MINOCYCLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NERELIMOMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICORANDIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITAZOXANIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAROXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PICLIDENOSON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESINIFERATOXIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUPATADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SATRALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIVELESTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPERMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELITACICEPT	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENIDAP	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERIFLUNOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
USTEKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANADATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARESPLADIB METHYL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZEMPROCITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMG-108	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDECALIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APREMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATACICEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD5672	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD9056	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-582949	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRODALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CE-224535	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CENPLACEL-L	Cell therapy	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLAZAKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DECERNOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIGOXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDICOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETARACIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEZAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSDAGROCORAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEVOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLPG-0259	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCB-047986	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXEKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARAVIROC	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAVRILIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAMILUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OZORALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PATECLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PH-797804	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLACULUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUXOLITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMSIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRANILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREGALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZANOLIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(REL)-P505-15	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2-(AMINOMETHYL)PHENOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABBV-3373	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACALABRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADALIMUMAB FOSIMDESONIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADL-5859	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFIMKIBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AK-106	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALENDRONIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMELUBANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOCAPROIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOPTERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANIFROLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APILIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APILIMOD MESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APRATASTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APRICOXIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAMINERCEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAZLITORAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELUMOSUDIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIIB-023	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMEKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINIMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLINATUMOMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-817399	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986142	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BORTEZOMIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRANEBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIOBACEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BURFIRALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMOBUCOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNITINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CCX354	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETRORELIX	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CH-1504	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CH-1504 L-ISOMER	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2107960	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2108172	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3301600	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHROMIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLENOLIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CP-195543	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAZODALIBEP	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAZUKIBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESLORATADINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIACEREIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMETHYL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORAMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUVELISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDECESERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELASOMERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELDELUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELSUBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMVODODSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENEBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLETIKUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUDARABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FONTOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSBRETABULIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLPG-3970	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-3117391	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK2982772	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUSELKUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW-274150	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IANALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IB-MECA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INEBILIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISCALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ITACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ITX-5061	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVARMACITINIB SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-39758979	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KEYHOLE LIMPET HEMOCYANIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANRAPLENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENABASUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENZILUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LERAMISTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOXOPROFEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTIKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LX-2931	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIZACORAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0873	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8457	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABIXIMOLS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEFLAMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACINAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIPOCALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NNC0114-0006	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBEFAZIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCADUSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OPIGOLIX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORDESEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALMIDROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARIDIPRUBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PD-360324	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGSUNERCEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTOXIFYLLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERESOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PG-760564	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PICLAMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMAGEDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRFENIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POISON OAK EXTRACT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POSELTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRALNACASAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRINABEREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRT-2607	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUERARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUETMOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMIPRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAVAGALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMTOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESOMELAGON ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REVAMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMACALIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RITLECITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSIGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSNILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAN-300	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIPONIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPEBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SSR-150106	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAK-715	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESNATILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETANUS TOXOID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOREFORANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOREFORANT TARTRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZINAMERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRANEXAMIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROCULEUCEL	Cell therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRU-015	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TULISOKIBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UBIDECARENONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UCB-1184197	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VENLAFAXINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIDOFLUDIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOBARILIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORBIPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VX-702	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIMLOVISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZUNSEMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KERACYANIN CATION Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAPRAZAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
TEGOPRAZAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MDX-1342	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTELIXIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEXIDARTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLX-5622	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AB-101	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABBV-257	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALEMTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMP-110	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANTILYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOGLOBULIN (HORSE)	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARRY-797	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASK-8007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVDORALIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVE-9940	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-6703	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELATACEPT	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVIFIMOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEZISTERIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986104	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABIRALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABICHROMENE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL32	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3545241	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5095034	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIZUTAMIG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMINOIDS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFAVALEUKIN ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVT401	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEXOFENADINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GIMSILUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMVOTAMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERLEUKIN 6	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENOGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MORPHINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICLOSAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIVOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBEXELIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACIBEKITUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGFILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLAMOTAMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLONMARLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
R-1487	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAPCABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL	Gene therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBAMIPIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESOLVIN E1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROQUINIMEX	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROZIBAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-57666	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUROVATAMIG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADEKINIG ALFA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAK-020	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TASOCITINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TGN-1412	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIBULIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIMOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRABRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VAMOROLONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEHICLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VGX-1027	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZILTIVEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZOLACABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL	Gene therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
1	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2VL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACECLOFENAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOFENAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIPRILOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCITRIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERTOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DACLATASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLUNISAL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXYCYCLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTECAVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETOFENAMATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETORICOXIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMOTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOPROFEN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGOTINIB MALEATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLURBIPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSMANOGEPIX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GAMCEMETINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIDASE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBUPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IGURATIMOD	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA A VIRUS, SPLIT VIRION	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOSINE PRANOBEX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEDIPASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECLOFENAMATE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MISOPROSTOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABUMETONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIFLUMIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCLACITINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMBITASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXAPROZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAEONIFLORIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARITAPREVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEFICITINIB HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENICILLAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASTERONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RO-319790	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROMAZARIT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSMARINIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMEPREVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOFOSBUVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFASALAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULINDAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOSAL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOXICAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TNF-ALPHA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLMETIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLMETIN SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIENTINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UDIFITIMOD	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UDIFITIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UPADACITINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UPADACITINIB HEMIHYDRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALDECOXIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANCOMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELPATASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ABATACEPT	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 57 Cochrane 74 Meta-analysis 126 Trial pubs 102 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00547521 — Phase IIIB Subcutaneous Abatacept Monotherapy Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04909801 — A Study to Compare the Response to Treatment With Abatacept vs Adalimumab, on Background Methotrexate, in Adults With Early, Seropositive, and Shared Epitope-positive Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01299961 — Ultrasound Scores as Indication of Response to Subcutaneous Abatacept in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NCT02500498 — Safety Profile of Nulojix in Home Infusion Settings (COMPLETED) NCT00947492 — Monitoring Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Load in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With New Immunosuppressive Drugs (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03187444 — Cardiovascular Risk and Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatism (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Detectable safety gestalt of rheumatoid arthritis treatments from pivotal clinical drug trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Effect of targeted therapies on pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Cochrane review Long-term persistence of biological agents in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Mechanism and clinical utility of abatacept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Expert opinion on drug safety, 2026) Meta-analysis Updated systematic literature review and meta-analysis to inform the Italian Society of Rheumatology Recommendations on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (Autoimmunity reviews, 2025) Meta-analysis Abatacept and the risk of malignancy: a meta-analysis across disease indications (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025) Systematic review Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: What is new since the 2022 SER-SEPAR recommendations? (Reumatologia clinica, 2026) Systematic review From Methotrexate Resistance to Biologic and Targeted Pharmacotherapy: A Decade of Phase 4 Clinical Trials Evidence in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Drug design, development and therapy, 2026) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of branebrutinib (BMS-986195), an irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a phase 2a, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Certolizumab pegol, abatacept, tocilizumab or active conventional therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: 48-week patient-reported outcomes from the NORD-STAR trial (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Safety and immunogenicity of the recombinant zoster vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using abatacept: a pilot multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADALIMUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 69 Cochrane 125 Meta-analysis 298 Trial pubs 213 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01185301 — Study to Determine the Effects of Different Doses of Methotrexate (MTX) When Taken With Adalimumab in Subjects With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00690573 — Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Adalimumab in Japanese Children With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02019472 — A Study Comparing Sirukumab (CNTO 136) Monotherapy With Adalimumab (HUMIRA®) Monotherapy in the Treatment of Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04985435 — Better After CHoosing. Randomly Allocated or Patient Preference Based Treatment With Filgotinib or TNFi in RA (BACH) (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01692899 — Retention Rates of Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab as First and Second-Line Biotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Daily Practice (COMPLETED) NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT04909801 — A Study to Compare the Response to Treatment With Abatacept vs Adalimumab, on Background Methotrexate, in Adults With Early, Seropositive, and Shared Epitope-positive Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01793519 — Stopping TNF Alpha Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Hepatitis B reactivation linked to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2025) Cochrane review Comparison of the efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors and adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis (Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2025) Cochrane review Approaches and outcomes of adalimumab discontinuation in patients with well-controlled inflammatory arthritis: a systematic search and review (Pediatric rheumatology online journal, 2024) Cochrane review Merkel cell carcinoma associated with TNF inhibitor therapy: a systematic review of case reports (Dermatology online journal, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of current therapies for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of translational medicine, 2024) Meta-analysis The efficacy and safety of different Janus kinase inhibitors as monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2024) Systematic review Fungal Infections Associated With TNF-Inhibitors: A 20-Year of a Systematic Review Fungal Infections and TNF-Inhibitors (Mycoses, 2025) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib compared with adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 7-year data from the SELECT-COMPARE study (RMD open, 2026) Clinical trial publication Upadacitinib vs adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a prior inadequate response or intolerance to a tumour necrosis factor inhibitor: 12-week results from the randomised, double-blind, SELECT-SWITCH study (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication A head-to-head comparison of TNF-α inhibitors as the first biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 25 Cochrane 31 Meta-analysis 35 Trial pubs 25 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NCT00111410 — Evaluating the Effect of Anakinra (r-metHuIL-1ra) on Vaccine AntibodyResponse in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02236481 — Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Anakinra in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Diabetes (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT02175056 — A Dose-Block Randomized, Placebo Controlled (Double-blind), Active Controlled(Open-label), Dose-escalation Study (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05119452 — Screening for Flare After b/tsDMARD Discontinuation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01033656 — Treatment of Refractory Adult-onset Still's Disease With Anakinra: a Randomized Study (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00121056 — REKinDLE: Registry With Enbrel® or Kineret® in a Database Using Longitudinal Evaluations (COMPLETED) NCT00037700 — Evaluation of the Efficacy of Combination Treatment With Anakinra and Pegsunercept in Improving Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of therapies for Still's disease and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS): a systematic review informing the EULAR/PReS guidelines for the management of Still's disease (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2024) Cochrane review Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Pharmacological Interventions in Adult-Onset Still Disease and the Role of Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (The Journal of rheumatology, 2024) Cochrane review Effectiveness and adverse effects of anakinra in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2021) Cochrane review Fusion proteins of biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): A network meta-analysis (Medicine, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of topical and systemic medications: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjögren's syndrome (RMD open, 2019) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of biologic drugs in Still's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025) Meta-analysis Comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data (BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2020) Systematic review Vascular effects of biologic and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs approved for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (Clinical rheumatology, 2023) Systematic review Systematic Review of Safety and Efficacy of IL-1-Targeted Biologics in Treating Immune-Mediated Disorders (Frontiers in immunology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Benefits of anakinra versus TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes: long-term findings from participants furtherly followed-up in the TRACK study, a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial (Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Anti-interleukin-1 treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes (TRACK): A multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial (PLoS medicine, 2019) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of inhibition of interleukin 1 and 6 on myocardial, coronary and vascular function (Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AURANOFIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 Cochrane 7 Meta-analysis 119 Trial pubs 48 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2010) Cochrane review Auranofin versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2000) Meta-analysis The effect of treatment on radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2003) Meta-analysis Second line (disease modifying) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: which drug for which patient? (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1993) Meta-analysis Cyclosporin A in rheumatoid arthritis: overview of efficacy (British journal of rheumatology, 1993) Meta-analysis Use of short-term efficacy/toxicity tradeoffs to select second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. A metaanalysis of published clinical trials (Arthritis and rheumatism, 1992) Systematic review Rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis: a case-based review of the therapeutic options (Clinical rheumatology, 2022) Systematic review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2013 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2014) Clinical trial publication Erythrocyte membrane gold levels after treatment with auranofin and sodium aurothiomalate (Biological trace element research, 2008) Clinical trial publication Aggressive treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial. On behalf of the Rheumatic Research Foundation Utrecht, The Netherlands (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2000) Clinical trial publication Does sulphasalazine cause drug induced systemic lupus erythematosus? No effect evident in a prospective randomised trial of 200 rheumatoid patients treated with sulphasalazine or auranofin over five years (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1999) Clinical trial publication [Comparative study of the effects of auranofin and aurothiomalate on laboratory and clinical indicators in patients with rheumatoid arthritis] (Reumatizam, 1998) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZATHIOPRINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 9 Cochrane 12 Meta-analysis 64 Trial pubs 31 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01646385 — Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Etanercept in Patients Treated Over the Long-term in Real-world Clinical Practice, Using Data Collected by the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Registry (COMPLETED) NCT01033656 — Treatment of Refractory Adult-onset Still's Disease With Anakinra: a Randomized Study (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00531817 — A Study of Tocilizumab in Combination With DMARDs in Patients With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07138898 — Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03414502 — Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis With DMARDs: Predictors of Response (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT03449758 — Effect of Sarilumab on Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02281799 — Thiopurine Induced Pancreatitis in IBD Patients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT01941095 — A Study of Subcutaneous Tocilizumab as Monotherapy and/or in Combination With Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review To stop the erosion of hope: the DMARD category and the place of semantics in modern rheumatology (Inflammopharmacology, 2017) Cochrane review Methotrexate monotherapy and methotrexate combination therapy with traditional and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Methotrexate for treating rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review Interstitial lung diseases induced or exacerbated by DMARDS and biologic agents in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2014) Cochrane review Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2010) Meta-analysis Effect of monotherapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of 64 treatment arms from 31 randomized controlled trials (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2026) Meta-analysis Progression of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatic diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Indian journal of tuberculosis, 2025) Meta-analysis Cost-utility analysis of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs), targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) and biosimilar DMARDs (bsDMARDs) combined with methotrexate for Thai rheumatoid arthritis patients with high disease activity (BMC health services research, 2023) Meta-analysis Preoperative Use of Methotrexate and the Risk of Early Postoperative Complications in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2016) Systematic review Overlap syndrome of anti-aquaporin 4 positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and primary Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review of individual patient data (Rheumatology international, 2024) Systematic review Treatment of relapsing polychondritis: a systematic review (Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2022) Systematic review Immunosuppressive treatment for peripheral neuropathies in Sjogren's syndrome - a systematic review (Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BARICITINIB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 11 Cochrane 14 Meta-analysis 40 Trial pubs 36 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02780323 — Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of CELBESTA® and CELEBREX® in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00141102 — Study Of Celecoxib Or Diclofenac And Omeprazole For Gastrointestinal (GI) Safety In High GI Risk Patients With Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00424294 — A Study Of CP-195543 And Celecoxib Dual Therapy In Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00652925 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib Suspension Compared to Naproxen Suspension in Patients With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00688545 — Naturalistic Safety Registry Of Celecoxib (CELEBREX(R)) And NSAIDs In Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (TERMINATED) NCT00346216 — Prospective Randomized Evaluation Of Celecoxib Integrated Safety Vs Ibuprofen Or Naproxen (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03912428 — Novel PET Radioligand as an Inflammatory Biomarker in Musculoskeletal Conditions (TERMINATED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of analgesic treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis related pain (Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2025) Cochrane review Current Evidence on Celecoxib Safety in the Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Conditions: An Umbrella Review (Drugs, 2025) Cochrane review Overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews of rehabilitation interventions for persons with rheumatoid arthritis: a mapping synthesis (European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 2023) Cochrane review Cardiovascular safety of celecoxib in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Cochrane review Use of corticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Meta-analysis WITHDRAWN: Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Systematic review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a herbal formulation for rheumatoid arthritis - A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2024) Clinical trial publication [Moxibustion combined with western medication for rheumatoid arthritis with blood stasis obstruction and its effect on platelet activation] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2023) Clinical trial publication Cardiorenal risk of celecoxib compared with naproxen or ibuprofen in arthritis patients: insights from the PRECISION trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the efficacy and safety of CELBESTA® versus CELEBREX® in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 6-week, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority phase 4 clinical trial (The Journal of international medical research, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CORTISONE ACETATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	6 trials 1 Meta-analysis 14 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03337165 — Autologous Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells for Treatment of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01316770 — Dexamethasone Irrigation of the Parotid Glands in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Subjects (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02666443 — Low Dose Dexamethasone in Supraclavicular Blocks (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00244153 — Intraarticular Opioids Vs Glucocorticosteroids in Gonarthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT06842316 — Effects of Phytocannabinoids on Immune Response and Autophagy During Chronic Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases (RECRUITING) NCT00631358 — Assessment of Inflammatory Biomarkers Expressed in a Sjogren's Population: Effect of a Topical Steroid Intervention (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Meta-Analysis of in vitro-Differentiated Macrophages Identifies Transcriptomic Signatures That Classify Disease Macrophages in vivo (Frontiers in immunology, 2019) Clinical trial publication AZD9567 versus prednisolone in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, efficacy, and safety study (Clinical and translational science, 2023) Clinical trial publication A double-blind randomized comparative study of triamcinolone hexacetonide and dexamethasone intra-articular injection for the treatment of knee joint arthritis in rheumatoid arthritis (Clinical rheumatology, 2016) Clinical trial publication Randomized double-blind study of the effect of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone pulse in the control of rheumatoid arthritis flare-up: a preliminary study (International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2014) Clinical trial publication In vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity is associated with clinical glucocorticoid therapy outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (Arthritis research & therapy, 2012) Clinical trial publication Local administration of glucocorticoids decreases synovial citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis (Arthritis research & therapy, 2012) Randomized controlled trial Effect of dexamethasone on autoantibody levels and arthritis development in patients with arthralgia: a randomised trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 43 Trial pubs 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00141102 — Study Of Celecoxib Or Diclofenac And Omeprazole For Gastrointestinal (GI) Safety In High GI Risk Patients With Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00092742 — Investigational Drug Versus an Approved Drug in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (0663-072) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01579890 — Compassionate Use of Pennsaid Topical Lotion (Diclofenac) in Osteo or Rheumatoid Arthritis (APPROVED_FOR_MARKETING) NCT00250445 — A Study to Evaluate the Safety of an Investigational Drug (Etoricoxib) in Patients With Osteoarthritis (OA) or Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)(0663-066) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01067430 — Comparison of the Effect of Etoricoxib and Diclofenac on Early Morning Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT06594822 — Effectiveness of Probiotics in Patients of Mild to Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00264147 — Rheumatoid Arthritis Dose Ranging Study (0663-086)(COMPLETED) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Meta-analysis: upper gastrointestinal tolerability of valdecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor, compared with nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs among patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2005) Clinical trial publication Formulation of Topical Dosage Forms Containing Synthetic and Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020) Clinical trial publication [Long-snake moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis:a randomized controlled trial] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2016) Clinical trial publication [Clinical efficacy of moxibustion as supplement on rheumatoid arthritis and the exploration on its mechanism] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2016) Clinical trial publication A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2012) Clinical trial publication [Dynamics of intragastric acidity in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis during therapy with diclofenac sodium] (Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology, 2011) Randomized controlled trial [Observation on therapeutic effect of muscular needling combined with scarring moxibustion on active stage of rheumatoid arthritis] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Impact of concomitant low-dose aspirin on the safety and tolerability of naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium delayed-release tablets in patients requiring chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy: an analysis from 5 Phase III studies (Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2014) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety of naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium fixed-dose combination: phase III study in patients at risk for NSAID-associated gastric ulcers (Current medical research and opinion, 2011) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETANERCEPT	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 64 Cochrane 101 Meta-analysis 285 Trial pubs 191 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00245934 — Study Evaluating Enbrel in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) NCT01623752 — Prospective Evaluation of the Radiographic Efficacy of Enbrel (COMPLETED) NCT04985435 — Better After CHoosing. Randomly Allocated or Patient Preference Based Treatment With Filgotinib or TNFi in RA (BACH) (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01692899 — Retention Rates of Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab as First and Second-Line Biotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Daily Practice (COMPLETED) NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT01793519 — Stopping TNF Alpha Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02357069 — A Study Comparing LBEC0101 to Enbrel® in Subjects With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Therapy (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Hepatitis B reactivation linked to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2025) Cochrane review Long-term persistence of biological agents in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of biosimilars compared with the biologic etanercept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Systematic reviews, 2024) Cochrane review Merkel cell carcinoma associated with TNF inhibitor therapy: a systematic review of case reports (Dermatology online journal, 2024) Meta-analysis Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Combination Therapies: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Meta-analysis Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis and risk of incident dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis (RMD open, 2024) Systematic review Fungal Infections Associated With TNF-Inhibitors: A 20-Year of a Systematic Review Fungal Infections and TNF-Inhibitors (Mycoses, 2025) Clinical trial publication Response of ultrasound-assessed synovitis to baricitinib, in monotherapy and combined with methotrexate, compared with etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, international, multicentre trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication A head-to-head comparison of TNF-α inhibitors as the first biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Influence of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatments on T cell cytokine production in patients with inflammatory joint diseases - comparison of etanercept and anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies. A double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study (Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2025) Clinical trial publication Discontinuation versus continuation of maintenance treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity or remission: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETODOLAC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	1 trials 3 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 30 Trial pubs 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02180516 — Safety and Efficacy of Meloxicam Compared to Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in an Observational Cohort Study of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Lumbago, Scapulohumeral Periarthritis, Neck, Shoulder and Arm Syndrome (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of analgesic treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis related pain (Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2025) Cochrane review Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis) (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Cochrane review Number needed to treat (NNT): implication in rheumatology clinical practice (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2003) Meta-analysis Cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and lumiracoxib) for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2008) Meta-analysis Meta-analysis of two double-blind comparative studies with the sustained-release form of etodolac in rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology international, 1993) Clinical trial publication Patient retention and hand-wrist radiograph progression of rheumatoid arthritis during a 3-year prospective study that prohibited disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (The Journal of rheumatology, 2004) Clinical trial publication Progression of radiographic joint erosion during low dose corticosteroid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (The Journal of rheumatology, 2000) Clinical trial publication [Investigation of plasma levels of etodolac and urine PGE2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis] (Ryumachi. [Rheumatism], 1999) Clinical trial publication Double blind evaluation of the long-term effects of etodolac versus ibuprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement, 1997) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the efficacy and safety of etodolac and piroxicam in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Etodolac Study 326 Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators Group (The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement, 1997) Randomized controlled trial Double-blind comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Clinical therapeutics, 1993) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLIMUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLIXIMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 57 Cochrane 100 Meta-analysis 335 Trial pubs 164 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01692899 — Retention Rates of Adalimumab, Etanercept and Infliximab as First and Second-Line Biotherapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Daily Practice (COMPLETED) NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT01793519 — Stopping TNF Alpha Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00440817 — An Observational Study of Lymphoma in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis or Crohn's Disease. (COMPLETED) NCT00714493 — RESTART C0168Z05 Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00202852 — A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded, Randomized Trial of Remicade in Korean Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate (Study P04280)(COMPLETED) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00808210 — A Study to Evaluate Ocrelizumab in Combination With Methotrexate Compared With Infliximab Plus Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Currently Responding Inadequately to Etanercept or Adalimumab (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01927263 — A Phase 3 Study of NI-071 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Hepatitis B reactivation linked to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), 2025) Cochrane review Merkel cell carcinoma associated with TNF inhibitor therapy: a systematic review of case reports (Dermatology online journal, 2024) Cochrane review Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis and risk of incident dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis (RMD open, 2024) Cochrane review Therapeutic Equivalence of Biosimilar and Reference Biologic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (JAMA network open, 2023) Meta-analysis IL17 genetic variants impact the response and safety of TNFi treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients from Bahia, Brazil (Gene, 2026) Meta-analysis Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Combination Therapies: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Meta-analysis The Association between Genetics and Response to Treatment with Biologics in Patients with Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (International journal of molecular sciences, 2024) Systematic review Fungal Infections Associated With TNF-Inhibitors: A 20-Year of a Systematic Review Fungal Infections and TNF-Inhibitors (Mycoses, 2025) Clinical trial publication A head-to-head comparison of TNF-α inhibitors as the first biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Discontinuation versus continuation of maintenance treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity or remission: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Switching from originator infliximab to biosimilar infliximab in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis achieving clinical remission (the IFX-SIRIUS study I): An interventional, multicenter, open-label, single-arm clinical trial with clinical, ultrasound and biomarker assessments (Drug discoveries & therapeutics, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEFLUNOMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 28 Cochrane 26 Meta-analysis 142 Trial pubs 95 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01646385 — Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Etanercept in Patients Treated Over the Long-term in Real-world Clinical Practice, Using Data Collected by the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Registry (COMPLETED) NCT01313208 — Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) With Etanercept (Enbrel) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02930343 — Comparison of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Therapy in Patients With RA Failing Methotrexate Monotherapy (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00579878 — Triple III Comparison of Leflunomide Alone Versus Two DMARD Combinations in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00596206 — Leflunomide EfficAcy Response Related to Dosing Regimen in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05782335 — Analysis of T and B Cell Repertoire Changes in Response to Orencia® (Abatacept) in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RECRUITING) NCT01033656 — Treatment of Refractory Adult-onset Still's Disease With Anakinra: a Randomized Study (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00531817 — A Study of Tocilizumab in Combination With DMARDs in Patients With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Perioperative use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in people with inflammatory arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Risk factors for incidence of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMJ open respiratory research, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors and leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2022) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2023) Meta-analysis Effect of monotherapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of 64 treatment arms from 31 randomized controlled trials (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2026) Meta-analysis Progression of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatic diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Indian journal of tuberculosis, 2025) Meta-analysis Clinical safety of total glucosides of paeony adjuvant therapy for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021) Systematic review What are the core recommendations for rheumatoid arthritis care? Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (Clinical rheumatology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Repurposing leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine to treat Sjögren's disease (RepurpSS-II): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Transcriptomic stratification predicts response to rituximab, abatacept, or the association of hydroxychloroquine and leflunomide in 3 randomised controlled clinical trials of Sjögren's disease (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication Proteins linked to type II interferon response in Sjögren's disease: novel indicators for disease monitoring and predicting treatment response to leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine combination therapy (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELOXICAM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 2 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 18 Trial pubs 15 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00239382 — A Study to Compare Meloxicam IM Once Daily Versus Meloxicam Orally Once Daily in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00034853 — Meloxicam [Mobic] in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00042068 — A Multi-Center Trial to Compare Three Doses of Meloxicam and Placebo in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00279747 — A One Year Double-blind Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam Oral Suspension in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA/JIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02180516 — Safety and Efficacy of Meloxicam Compared to Other Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in an Observational Cohort Study of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Lumbago, Scapulohumeral Periarthritis, Neck, Shoulder and Arm Syndrome (COMPLETED) NCT00612885 — Safety and Efficacy of Mobic Inj. (Meloxicam) for the Patients With OA or RA: Observational Study (COMPLETED) NCT02184065 — Observational Study of Meloxicam in Mexican Patients With Rheumatic Diseases (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Clinical safety of total glucosides of paeony adjuvant therapy for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021) Meta-analysis Cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and lumiracoxib) for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2008) Meta-analysis [Meta-analysis on the effect and adverse reaction on patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs] (Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi, 2003) Clinical trial publication [Clinical therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis treated with the assisted therapy of acupuncture at the points detected with thermosensitive moxibustion in Zhuang medicine] (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2018) Clinical trial publication A randomized multicenter clinical trial of (99) Tc-methylene diphosphonate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2018) Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of long-term esomeprazole 20 mg in Japanese patients with a history of peptic ulcer receiving daily non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (BMC gastroenterology, 2013) Clinical trial publication Comparable efficacy of standardized Ayurveda formulation and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQS) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): a randomized investigator-blind controlled study (Clinical rheumatology, 2012) Clinical trial publication [Effects of wenhua juanbi recipe on TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients] (Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2009) Randomized controlled trial [Clinical randomized study of bee-sting therapy for rheumatoid arthritis] (Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 173 Cochrane 246 Meta-analysis 1645 Trial pubs 1245 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01185301 — Study to Determine the Effects of Different Doses of Methotrexate (MTX) When Taken With Adalimumab in Subjects With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06073093 — A Study to Evaluate SAR441566 Efficacy and Safety in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00547521 — Phase IIIB Subcutaneous Abatacept Monotherapy Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00867516 — Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics Study of ALD518 in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07357649 — Baricitinib Effects on Procoagulant State in Rheumatoid Arthritis (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01050998 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of CAM-3001 (Drug) in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01410695 — Masitinib in Refractory Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04909801 — A Study to Compare the Response to Treatment With Abatacept vs Adalimumab, on Background Methotrexate, in Adults With Early, Seropositive, and Shared Epitope-positive Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Prevalence and risk factors of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2026) Cochrane review Perioperative use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in people with inflammatory arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2025 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Cochrane review Gastrointestinal adverse events among methotrexate users in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Systematic review of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients of reproductive age: informing the 2024 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis-secondary publication (Modern rheumatology, 2026) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2026) Meta-analysis Association of folylpolyglutamate synthase polymorphisms with methotrexate response and toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis (The pharmacogenomics journal, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of monotherapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of 64 treatment arms from 31 randomized controlled trials (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2026) Systematic review The impact of gene polymorphisms on the response of methotrexate-based treatments (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety and efficacy of upadacitinib compared with adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 7-year data from the SELECT-COMPARE study (RMD open, 2026) Clinical trial publication Mechanistic study on the reduction of TNF-α and β-CTX levels in RA patients by moxibustion combined with western medication through regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Frontiers in immunology, 2026) Clinical trial publication The Kunduan Yimu decoction improves rheumatoid arthritis by targeting microRNA-155-5p to enhance autophagy and reduce inflammation (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXEN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 11 Cochrane 18 Meta-analysis 210 Trial pubs 118 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00034853 — Meloxicam [Mobic] in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00959439 — Relative Bioavailability Study of Naproxen Delayed-Release Tablets (375 mg) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05504382 — Effect of Electroacupuncture on Refractory Pain in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00626275 — Study Evaluating the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of ADL5859 in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00279747 — A One Year Double-blind Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam Oral Suspension in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA/JIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00652925 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib Suspension Compared to Naproxen Suspension in Patients With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00527904 — A 12-month, Phase 3, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of PN400 (VIMOVO) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Use of corticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Cochrane review Gastrointestinal safety of etoricoxib in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis (PloS one, 2018) Cochrane review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review WITHDRAWN: Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Celecoxib for rheumatoid arthritis (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Relative benefit-risk comparing diclofenac to other traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis (Arthritis research & therapy, 2015) Clinical trial publication Cardiorenal risk of celecoxib compared with naproxen or ibuprofen in arthritis patients: insights from the PRECISION trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication Derivation and Validation of a Major Toxicity Risk Score Among Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Users Based on Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial (Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2019) Clinical trial publication The potential benefits of aspirin for primary cardiovascular prevention in rheumatoid arthritis: a secondary analysis of the PRECISION Trial (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2018) Clinical trial publication Randomised clinical trial: gastrointestinal events in arthritis patients treated with celecoxib, ibuprofen or naproxen in the PRECISION trial (Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2018) Clinical trial publication Differences in Safety of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXEN SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 5 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00034853 — Meloxicam [Mobic] in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00959439 — Relative Bioavailability Study of Naproxen Delayed-Release Tablets (375 mg) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00447759 — The Standard Care Versus Celecoxib Outcome Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05504382 — Effect of Electroacupuncture on Refractory Pain in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00626275 — Study Evaluating the Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of ADL5859 in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00279747 — A One Year Double-blind Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Meloxicam Oral Suspension in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA/JIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00652925 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Celecoxib Suspension Compared to Naproxen Suspension in Patients With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00527904 — A 12-month, Phase 3, Open-label, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Long-term Safety of PN400 (VIMOVO) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Clinical trial publication Naproxen concentrations in articular tissues after prolonged treatment with naproxen sodium in patients with arthritis of the hip (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1998) Clinical trial publication Clinical efficacy and safety of Naprelan versus Naprosyn in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.), 1996) Clinical trial publication [Clinical use of naproxen sodium in muscular skeletal disorders] (Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery], 1990) Clinical trial publication A double-blind, cross-over study of naproxen sodium and soluble aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis (The British journal of clinical practice, 1981) Clinical trial publication A single-dose analgesic study of naproxen sodium and soluble aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Current medical research and opinion, 1981) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIROXICAM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	3 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 79 Trial pubs 35 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of analgesic treatment options in patients with rheumatoid arthritis related pain (Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2025) Cochrane review Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) in people receiving methotrexate for inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, other spondyloarthritis) (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Meta-analysis Meta-analysis of two double-blind comparative studies with the sustained-release form of etodolac in rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology international, 1993) Clinical trial publication The Effectiveness of Olive Oil in Controlling Morning Inflammatory Pain of Phalanges and Knees Among Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Rehabilitation nursing : the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, 2020) Clinical trial publication Meloxicam in acute episodes of soft-tissue rheumatism of the shoulder (Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2001) Clinical trial publication Piroxicam concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid after a single dose of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2001) Clinical trial publication Diclofenac/misoprostol: the European clinical experience (The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement, 1998) Clinical trial publication Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: support for the concept of "responders" and "nonresponders" (Arthritis and rheumatism, 1997) Randomized controlled trial Cyclosporine and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: exploring potential drug interactions and their implications for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1997) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 7 Cochrane 13 Meta-analysis 198 Trial pubs 129 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00938587 — A Study Of PF-04171327 In The Treatment Of The Signs And Symptoms Of Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03886038 — Subunit Vaccine Against Herpes Zoster in RA Patients Treated With JAK-inhibitors (VACCIMIL-ZOSTER) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT04169100 — Novel Form of Acquired Long QT Syndrome (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02370550 — Cyclosporine A in the TReatment of Interstitial Pneumonitis Associated With Sjogren's Syndrome (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01172639 — Effectiveness in Daily Practice of Different Treatment Strategies for Early Rheumatoid Arthritis. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07245732 — Oral Versus Intramuscular Steroid Use to Control Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT00580229 — A Safety Analysis of Oral Prednisone as a Pre-Treatment for Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis. (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02779114 — RETRO (REduction of Therapy in RA Patients in Ongoing Remission) (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Safety and efficacy associated with long-term low-dose glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2023) Cochrane review Glucocorticoid use in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the onset of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of osteopathic medicine, 2023) Cochrane review Use of corticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (PloS one, 2021) Cochrane review Risk factors for hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis patients-A systematic review (Autoimmunity reviews, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, glucocorticoids and tofacitinib: a systematic literature review informing the 2013 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2014) Meta-analysis Changes in bone mineral density and fractures during 2 years of low-dose glucocorticoid treatment for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and individual participant data meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Meta-analysis Progression of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatic diseases - A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Indian journal of tuberculosis, 2025) Meta-analysis Continuing versus tapering low-dose glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in states of low disease activity or remission: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2024) Systematic review Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease: Comprehensive Review (Current rheumatology reports, 2023) Clinical trial publication A comparison of short-term efficacy and toxicity of 2 glucocorticoid bridging strategies in 2 clinical trials in early rheumatoid and undifferentiated arthritis (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparison of two strategies of glucocorticoid withdrawal in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in low disease activity (STAR): a randomised, placebo- controlled, double-blind trial (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2025) Clinical trial publication Prednisone use, disease activity and the occurrence of hyperglycaemia and diabetes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a 10-year subanalysis of the BeSt study (RMD open, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RITUXIMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 64 Cochrane 88 Meta-analysis 156 Trial pubs 89 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05487703 — A Study To Describe The Use Of Tofacitinib After Use Of Rituximab In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis In A Real-World Setting (COMPLETED) NCT03061838 — Safety, Tolerability, PK and PD of Biosimilar Drug Ritumax® Compared to Original Drug MabThera® (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT00664521 — Atacicept in Combination With Rituximab in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (August III) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01592292 — An Observational Study of MabThera (Rituximab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis And Inadequate Response Or Intolerance to a First Anti-TNF Alpha Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT06475495 — Comparison of B-cell Depletion by Rituximab and Anti-CD 19 CAR-T Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00422383 — A Study of Retreatment With MabThera (Rituximab) in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Detectable safety gestalt of rheumatoid arthritis treatments from pivotal clinical drug trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Cochrane review Effect of targeted therapies on pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Cochrane review Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy of non-conventional synthetic DMARDs for patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2023) Cochrane review Effect of body mass index on treatment response of biologic/targeted-synthetic DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis. A systematic review (Autoimmunity reviews, 2023) Meta-analysis Effects of biologic and targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) on patient-reported outcome domains in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analyses (RMD open, 2026) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2025) Meta-analysis Updated systematic literature review and meta-analysis to inform the Italian Society of Rheumatology Recommendations on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (Autoimmunity reviews, 2025) Systematic review Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: What is new since the 2022 SER-SEPAR recommendations? (Reumatologia clinica, 2026) Clinical trial publication Transcriptomic stratification predicts response to rituximab, abatacept, or the association of hydroxychloroquine and leflunomide in 3 randomised controlled clinical trials of Sjögren's disease (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2026) Clinical trial publication Deep molecular profiling of synovial biopsies in the STRAP trial identifies signatures predictive of treatment response to biologic therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (Nature communications, 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparing immunogenicity and safety following transition from reference rituximab to biosimilar rituximab (DRL_RI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study (Arthritis research & therapy, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARILUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 6 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 33 Trial pubs 29 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04505982 — Anti IL6R Reduce Complement Serum Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Facts and Implications (UNKNOWN) NCT01146652 — Long Term Evaluation of Sarilumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (SARIL-RA-EXTEND) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05119452 — Screening for Flare After b/tsDMARD Discontinuation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03378219 — An Observational Study on Sarilumab-exposed Pregnancies (COMPLETED) NCT01026519 — A Safety and Tolerability Study of REGN88(SAR153191) in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01328522 — Comparison of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Two SAR153191 (REGN88) Drug Products in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02293902 — A Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab Added to MTX in Japanese Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (SARIL-RA-KAKEHASI) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of pharmacological interventions: a systematic review informing the 2023 EULAR recommendations for the management of fatigue in people with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD open, 2023) Cochrane review Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2023) Cochrane review Comparison of the efficacy and safety indicators of DMARDs for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis (Medicine, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy of pharmacological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature research informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2020) Cochrane review Effect of biologics and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2019) Meta-analysis Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, sarilumab, and olokizumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie, 2024) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy and safety of biologic agents in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2022) Meta-analysis Comparison of the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, sarilumab, and sirukumab in comparison with adalimumab as monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2021) Systematic review From Methotrexate Resistance to Biologic and Targeted Pharmacotherapy: A Decade of Phase 4 Clinical Trials Evidence in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Drug design, development and therapy, 2026) Systematic review Response to interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is independent of the number of prior used TNF inhibitors: A systematic review and metaanalysis (Joint bone spine, 2021) Systematic review Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2020) Clinical trial publication Deciphering differential biomarkers for anti-interleukin-6 receptor and anti-tumour necrosis factor-α treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis by multiomics analysis (RMD open, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 48 Cochrane 81 Meta-analysis 181 Trial pubs 133 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01564901 — An Observational Study of RoActemra/Actemra (Tocilizumab) in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Glucocorticoids (COMPLETED) NCT01717859 — Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Predicting Early Dose Titration With Tocilizumab (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT04251741 — Using Adalimumab Serum Concentration to Choose a Subsequent Biological DMARD in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Failing Adalimumab Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00773461 — A Study of Tocilizumab in Combination With DMARD Therapy in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01242488 — Efficacy and Safety of CDP6038 in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis With an Unsuccessful Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (Anti-TNF) Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00144547 — Long-term Treatment Study of MRA for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) From Study MRA012JP (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01587989 — A Study of RoActemra/Actemra (Tocilizumab) With or Without Methotrexate in Patients With Mild to Moderate Rheumatoid Arthritis With an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03288584 — Effects of Interleukin-6 Inhibition on Vascular, Endothelial and Left Ventricular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Effect of targeted therapies on pulmonary function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (RMD open, 2026) Cochrane review Long-term persistence of biological agents in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (Clinical rheumatology, 2026) Cochrane review Cardiovascular safety of the class of JAK inhibitors or tocilizumab compared with TNF inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and a traditional and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2024) Cochrane review Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Dementia Prevention: A Systematic Review of Observational Evidence in Rheumatoid Arthritis (The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 2024) Cochrane review Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Pharmacological Interventions in Adult-Onset Still Disease and the Role of Biologic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (The Journal of rheumatology, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of current therapies for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of translational medicine, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of biologic drugs in Still's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of filgotinib versus tocilizumab in active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, open-label, multicenter study with clinical and musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation (TRANSFORM study) (Drug discoveries & therapeutics, 2026) Clinical trial publication Certolizumab pegol, abatacept, tocilizumab or active conventional therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis: 48-week patient-reported outcomes from the NORD-STAR trial (The Lancet. Rheumatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in adult-onset Still's disease: open-label, long-term extension of the phase III trial (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Disease activity and treatment response in early rheumatoid arthritis: an exploratory metabolomic profiling in the NORD-STAR cohort (Arthritis research & therapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar CT-P47 Versus Reference Tocilizumab: 1-Year Results of a Randomised, Active-Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase III Study in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (Clinical drug investigation, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFACITINIB CITRATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05487703 — A Study To Describe The Use Of Tofacitinib After Use Of Rituximab In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis In A Real-World Setting (COMPLETED) NCT03992781 — Changes of Depression After First-year of Tofacitinib in RA Patients (COMPLETED) NCT04876781 — Korean Post-marketing Surveillance for Xeljanz XR (RECRUITING) NCT04413617 — TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PF-06650833, PF-06651600, AND TOFACITINIB ALONE AND IN COMBINATION IN PARTICIPANTS WITH ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS WITH AN INADEQUATE RESPONSE TO METHOTREXATE (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01101919 — CP-690,550 Pharmacokinetics In Healthy Chinese Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02281552 — A Study To Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of Tofacitinib Modified Release Tablets Compared To Tofacitinib Immediate Release Tablets In Adult Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00847613 — A 2-Year Phase 3 Study Of CP-690,550 In Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis On Background Methotrexate (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03073109 — Patient-Reported Outcomes In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Tofacitinib Or Biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) In Real Life Conditions (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CORTICOTROPIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSTAMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIZORIBINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCRELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEFICITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELUBIPROFEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SECUKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIRUKUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TABALUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE HEXACETONIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUCILLAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4303669	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CILENGITIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CILOSTAZOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPEMASTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENOSUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIOSMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESZOPICLONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSTAMATINIB DISODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GAMOLENIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW-406381	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HESPERIDIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVARMACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOCARNITINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMIRACOXIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MINOCYCLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NERELIMOMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICORANDIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITAZOXANIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAROXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PICLIDENOSON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESINIFERATOXIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUPATADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SATRALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIVELESTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPERMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07138898 — Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03737708 — A Study Comparing Biologics + Methotrexate With Biologics + Tacrolimus in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01850979 — Treatment of Dry Eye Using 0.03% Tacrolimus Eye Drops (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01746680 — Efficacy and Safety Study of Tacrobell to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00036153 — Study to Assess Efficacy of Tacrolimus + Methotrexate Versus Placebo + Methotrexate in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01224418 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tacrolimus in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Shown Unsuccessful Response to Methotrexate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01511003 — A Study is to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Who Showed Unsuccessful Response to Existing Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00319917 — A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy on Joint Damage in RA Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELITACICEPT	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENIDAP	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERIFLUNOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
USTEKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANADATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARESPLADIB METHYL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZEMPROCITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMG-108	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDECALIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APREMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATACICEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD5672	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD9056	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-582949	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRODALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CE-224535	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CENPLACEL-L	Cell therapy	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLAZAKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DECERNOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIGOXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDICOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETARACIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEZAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSDAGROCORAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEVOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLPG-0259	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCB-047986	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXEKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARAVIROC	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAVRILIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAMILUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OZORALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PATECLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PH-797804	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLACULUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUXOLITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMSIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRANILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREGALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZANOLIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(REL)-P505-15	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2-(AMINOMETHYL)PHENOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABBV-3373	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACALABRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADALIMUMAB FOSIMDESONIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADL-5859	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFIMKIBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AK-106	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALENDRONIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMELUBANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOCAPROIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOPTERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANIFROLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APILIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APILIMOD MESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APRATASTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APRICOXIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAMINERCEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAZLITORAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELUMOSUDIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIIB-023	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMEKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINIMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLINATUMOMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-817399	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986142	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BORTEZOMIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRANEBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIOBACEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BURFIRALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMOBUCOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNITINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CCX354	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETRORELIX	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CH-1504	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CH-1504 L-ISOMER	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2107960	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2108172	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3301600	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHROMIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLENOLIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CP-195543	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAZODALIBEP	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAZUKIBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESLORATADINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIACEREIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMETHYL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORAMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUVELISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDECESERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELASOMERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELDELUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELSUBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMVODODSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENEBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLETIKUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUDARABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FONTOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSBRETABULIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLPG-3970	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-3117391	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK2982772	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUSELKUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW-274150	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IANALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IB-MECA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INEBILIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISCALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ITACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ITX-5061	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVARMACITINIB SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-39758979	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KEYHOLE LIMPET HEMOCYANIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANRAPLENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENABASUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENZILUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LERAMISTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOXOPROFEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTIKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LX-2931	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIZACORAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0873	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8457	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABIXIMOLS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEFLAMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACINAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIPOCALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NNC0114-0006	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBEFAZIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCADUSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OPIGOLIX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORDESEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALMIDROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAMAPIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARIDIPRUBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PD-360324	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGSUNERCEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTOXIFYLLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERESOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PG-760564	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PICLAMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMAGEDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRFENIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POISON OAK EXTRACT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POSELTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRALNACASAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRINABEREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRT-2607	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUERARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUETMOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMIPRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAVAGALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMTOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESOMELAGON ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REVAMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMACALIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RITLECITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSIGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSNILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAN-300	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIPONIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPEBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SSR-150106	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAK-715	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESNATILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETANUS TOXOID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOREFORANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOREFORANT TARTRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZINAMERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRANEXAMIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROCULEUCEL	Cell therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRU-015	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TULISOKIBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UBIDECARENONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UCB-1184197	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VENLAFAXINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIDOFLUDIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOBARILIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORBIPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VX-702	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIMLOVISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZUNSEMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MDX-1342	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTELIXIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEXIDARTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLX-5622	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AB-101	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABBV-257	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALEMTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMP-110	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANTILYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOGLOBULIN (HORSE)	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARRY-797	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASK-8007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVDORALIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVE-9940	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-6703	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELATACEPT	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVIFIMOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEZISTERIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986104	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABIRALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABICHROMENE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL32	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3545241	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5095034	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIZUTAMIG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMINOIDS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFAVALEUKIN ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVT401	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEXOFENADINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GIMSILUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMVOTAMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERLEUKIN 6	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENOGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MORPHINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICLOSAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIVOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBEXELIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACIBEKITUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGFILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLAMOTAMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLONMARLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
R-1487	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAPCABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL	Gene therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBAMIPIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESOLVIN E1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROQUINIMEX	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROZIBAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-57666	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUROVATAMIG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADEKINIG ALFA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAK-020	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TASOCITINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TGN-1412	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIBULIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIMOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRABRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VAMOROLONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEHICLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VGX-1027	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZILTIVEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZOLACABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL	Gene therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
1	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2VL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACECLOFENAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOFENAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIPRILOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCITRIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERTOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DACLATASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLUNISAL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXYCYCLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTECAVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM OXALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETOFENAMATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETORICOXIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMOTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOPROFEN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGOTINIB MALEATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLURBIPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSMANOGEPIX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GAMCEMETINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIDASE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBUPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IGURATIMOD	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 227 Trial pubs 110 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Flurbiprofen in the symptomatic management of rheumatoid arthritis: a valuable alternative (International journal of clinical practice, 2007) Systematic review Natural and iatrogenic ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (International ophthalmology, 2022) Systematic review Acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2008) Clinical trial publication Chronotherapeutic drug delivery from indomethacin compression coated tablets for early morning pain associated rheumatoid arthritis (Current drug delivery, 2013) Clinical trial publication Effects of selective and non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2007) Clinical trial publication [Effect of strengthening Pi and activating blood circulation therapy on serum levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and vascular endothelial growth factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients] (Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2007) Clinical trial publication Effects of the topical treatment with NSAIDs on corneal sensitivity and ocular surface of Sjögren's syndrome patients (Eye (London, England), 2005) Clinical trial publication Ketotifen in prevention of indomethacin-induced gastropathy (Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 1999) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA A VIRUS, SPLIT VIRION	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOSINE PRANOBEX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEDIPASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECLOFENAMATE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MISOPROSTOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABUMETONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIFLUMIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCLACITINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMBITASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXAPROZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAEONIFLORIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARITAPREVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEFICITINIB HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENICILLAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASTERONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RO-319790	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROMAZARIT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSMARINIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMEPREVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOFOSBUVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFASALAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULINDAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOSAL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOXICAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TNF-ALPHA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLMETIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLMETIN SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIENTINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UDIFITIMOD	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UDIFITIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UPADACITINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UPADACITINIB HEMIHYDRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALDECOXIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANCOMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELPATASVIR	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALSALAZIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BALSALAZIDE DISODIUM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing via BCL2L11	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing via ATP4A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ESOMEPRAZOLE STRONTIUM Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCARPIDASE Repurposing via ARID5B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing via ARID5B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB Repurposing via ARID5B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 227 Trial pubs 110 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane Reviews (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Meta-analysis Flurbiprofen in the symptomatic management of rheumatoid arthritis: a valuable alternative (International journal of clinical practice, 2007) Systematic review Natural and iatrogenic ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (International ophthalmology, 2022) Systematic review Acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2008) Clinical trial publication Chronotherapeutic drug delivery from indomethacin compression coated tablets for early morning pain associated rheumatoid arthritis (Current drug delivery, 2013) Clinical trial publication Effects of selective and non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2007) Clinical trial publication [Effect of strengthening Pi and activating blood circulation therapy on serum levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and vascular endothelial growth factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients] (Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2007) Clinical trial publication Effects of the topical treatment with NSAIDs on corneal sensitivity and ocular surface of Sjögren's syndrome patients (Eye (London, England), 2005) Clinical trial publication Ketotifen in prevention of indomethacin-induced gastropathy (Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 1999) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANSOPRAZOLE Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASOPROCOL Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECLOFENAMATE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MECLOFENAMATE SODIUM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESALAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MILK THISTLE SEED EXTRACT Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MONTELUKAST SODIUM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLSALAZINE SODIUM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELENIUM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFASALAZINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07138898 — Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03737708 — A Study Comparing Biologics + Methotrexate With Biologics + Tacrolimus in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01850979 — Treatment of Dry Eye Using 0.03% Tacrolimus Eye Drops (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01746680 — Efficacy and Safety Study of Tacrobell to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00036153 — Study to Assess Efficacy of Tacrolimus + Methotrexate Versus Placebo + Methotrexate in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01224418 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tacrolimus in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Shown Unsuccessful Response to Methotrexate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01511003 — A Study is to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Who Showed Unsuccessful Response to Existing Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00319917 — A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy on Joint Damage in RA Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONOPRAZAN FUMARATE Repurposing via ATP4B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZILEUTON Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
KERACYANIN CATION Repurposing via BCL2L11	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAPRAZAN Repurposing via ATP4A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
TEGOPRAZAN Repurposing via ATP4A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ALOX5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

87 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked)

Reference lookups: GreenMedInfo · Examine.com

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Human Study Cod liver oil (omega-3 Fatty Acids) reduces the need for NSAIDs in pati… Human Study Omega-3 Fatty Acids has significant therapeutic benefits and drug spari…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Moderate	20	8 trials 5 Meta-analysis 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06881966 — The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT01700881 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -2 (COMPLETED) NA NCT03580681 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -4 (WCCR-ARTH4) (COMPLETED) NA NCT01544101 — A Nutritional Intervention for Arthritis (COMPLETED) NA NCT00399282 — Omega-3 and Vitamin E Supplementation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01179971 — n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03417648 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -3 (WCCR-ARTH3) (COMPLETED) NA NCT01618019 — N-3 PUFA and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com, GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo Examine.com
Vitamin E Natural product Meta-analysis Causal association of diet-derived circulating antioxidants with the ri… Meta-analysis Effect of vitamin E supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis: a systemat… Human Study Vitamin E exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rheumatoid…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	20	8 trials 2 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT06313905 — EVADRY® in the Treatment of Xerostomia in Sjögren's Syndrome (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01700881 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -2 (COMPLETED) NA NCT03580681 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -4 (WCCR-ARTH4) (COMPLETED) NA NCT00399282 — Omega-3 and Vitamin E Supplementation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02087449 — Evaluate E1 Wear, Clinical Performance of E1 Liner in THA in Korean Patient Population (TERMINATED) NCT06915701 — "Effect of Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) on Clinical Activity and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis" (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT03611283 — Topical Management of Xerostomia With Dry Mouth Products (COMPLETED) NA NCT03417648 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -3 (WCCR-ARTH3) (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Causal association of diet-derived circulating antioxidants with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2022) Meta-analysis Effect of vitamin E supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of clinical nutrition, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com, GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo Examine.com
N-Acetylcysteine Natural product	Amino acid	Phase III	Moderate	20	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01424033 — A Clinical Trial for CTD-ILD Treatment (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04793646 — N-acetylcysteine for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Human Study Cod liver oil (omega-3 Fatty Acids) reduces the need for NSAIDs in pati… Human Study Omega-3 Fatty Acids has significant therapeutic benefits and drug spari…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	8 trials 5 Meta-analysis 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06881966 — The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT01700881 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -2 (COMPLETED) NA NCT03580681 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -4 (WCCR-ARTH4) (COMPLETED) NA NCT01544101 — A Nutritional Intervention for Arthritis (COMPLETED) NA NCT00399282 — Omega-3 and Vitamin E Supplementation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01179971 — n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acids in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03417648 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -3 (WCCR-ARTH3) (COMPLETED) NA NCT01618019 — N-3 PUFA and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin E Natural product Meta-analysis Causal association of diet-derived circulating antioxidants with the ri… Meta-analysis Effect of vitamin E supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis: a systemat… Human Study Vitamin D deficiency is more common in RA patients and may be one of th…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	19	8 trials 2 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT06313905 — EVADRY® in the Treatment of Xerostomia in Sjögren's Syndrome (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01700881 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -2 (COMPLETED) NA NCT03580681 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -4 (WCCR-ARTH4) (COMPLETED) NA NCT00399282 — Omega-3 and Vitamin E Supplementation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02087449 — Evaluate E1 Wear, Clinical Performance of E1 Liner in THA in Korean Patient Population (TERMINATED) NCT06915701 — "Effect of Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) on Clinical Activity and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis" (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT03611283 — Topical Management of Xerostomia With Dry Mouth Products (COMPLETED) NA NCT03417648 — A Nutrition Intervention for Arthritis -3 (WCCR-ARTH3) (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Causal association of diet-derived circulating antioxidants with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study (Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2022) Meta-analysis Effect of vitamin E supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of clinical nutrition, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Folate Natural product Human Study Folate supplementation is protective against methotrexate induced side…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03707535 — To Compare the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Safety Between CT-P13 and China Approved Remicade When Co-administered With Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02456844 — Study to Investigate the Effect of BMS-986142 on the Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Methotrexate and Probe Substrate Cocktail in Healthy Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06565273 — Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of FBL-MTX in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03028467 — Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Safety of GSK3196165 in Combination With Methotrexate in Japanese Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT03589833 — Effectiveness and Safety of Yisaipu Combined With Tripterygium Wilfordii for Active RA (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01308255 — Infliximab as Induction Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (IDEA) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02930343 — Comparison of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Therapy in Patients With RA Failing Methotrexate Monotherapy (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT02644499 — Comparison of Combination Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs With Methotrexate Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study Vitamin D deficiency is more common in RA patients and may be one of th… Human Study Vitamin E exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rheumatoid… Vitamin K(2) may represent a new agent for the treatment of rheumatoid…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	8 trials 11 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00570934 — Supplementation With Vitamin D, Calcium or Both on Calcium Absorption and Bone Mineral Content in Children With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02243800 — Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Cholecalciferol Supplementation on the Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01718925 — 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Fatigue: The VITALITY Study (COMPLETED) NCT06716476 — Impact of Vitamin D in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02932644 — Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) NCT00138983 — Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Rheumatic Diseases: Alendronate Versus Alfacalcidol. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01400516 — Teriparatide for Joint Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The TERA Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02944799 — Alendronate Treatment of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Calcium Natural product Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on systemic inflammation and disea… Serum Calprotectin - What is the Scope of Clinical Application? Risk factors for osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a meta-…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	8 trials 93 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00570934 — Supplementation With Vitamin D, Calcium or Both on Calcium Absorption and Bone Mineral Content in Children With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07515638 — Immun4Cure Cohort of Autoimmune Diseases (RECRUITING) NCT01389388 — Effects of Rosuvastatin on Carotid Artery Plaques in Patients With Inflammatory Joint Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT00555230 — Effects of HMG-coA Reductase Inhibitor on Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04608344 — Study to Evaluate Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (OATP) Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions Between Filgotinib and Statins as Probe Drugs in Healthy Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01400516 — Teriparatide for Joint Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The TERA Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02944799 — Alendronate Treatment of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01725230 — Assess the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin and Simvastatin When Administered Alone or in Combination With Fostamatinib (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Systematic review Curcumin for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systemat… Systematic review Effects of curcumin and Curcuma longa extract on inflammatory biomarker… Systematic review Effect of curcumin on inflammatory markers and disease activity in pati…	Food compound	Phase I	Moderate	17	3 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02543931 — Curcuma Longa L in Rheumatoid Arthritis (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT00752154 — Curcumin in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06478290 — Pilot Assessment of the Safety of a Combination of Curcumin, Omega-3, and Vitamin D Supplements in ACPA+ Individuals (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Systematic review Curcumin for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Systematic review Effects of curcumin and Curcuma longa extract on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2025) Systematic review Effect of curcumin on inflammatory markers and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis (Medicine, 2025) Systematic review Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2023) Systematic review Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com, GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo Examine.com
Selenium Natural product Human Study Selenium supplementation improves symptoms and has a drug sparing effec…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	3 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com, GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Clinical trial publication Oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid did not affect lipid peroxidat… Clinical trial publication Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers… Clinical trial publication Effects of antioxidant supplements intervention on the level of plasma…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	3 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid did not affect lipid peroxidation and antioxidant biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis patients (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2019) Clinical trial publication Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2015) Clinical trial publication Effects of antioxidant supplements intervention on the level of plasma inflammatory molecules and disease severity of rheumatoid arthritis patients (Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Black Seed Oil Natural product Human Study Blackcurrant seed oil is a potentially effective treatment for active r… Human Study Curcumin induces programmed cell death and inhibits proinflammatory pro… Animal Study Brazillian black mud treatment has a protective effect in chronic exper…	Botanical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Coenzyme Q10 Natural product Systematic review Modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis: a… Systematic review Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	No indexed hits View evidence Published literature Systematic review Modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of nutraceutical interventions (Inflammopharmacology, 2025) Systematic review Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Feverfew Natural product	Botanical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Cochrane review Efficacy of Spice Supplementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic… Cochrane review Do Interventions with Diet or Dietary Supplements Reduce the Disease Ac…	Botanical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	2 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of Spice Supplementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Review (Nutrients, 2020) Cochrane review Do Interventions with Diet or Dietary Supplements Reduce the Disease Activity Score in Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Nutrients, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
N-Acetylcysteine Natural product Melatonin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis via elimination of damaged mi… Potential regulation of kynurenine pathway metabolism by the galantamin… Exercise hormone irisin alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by removing dys…	Amino acid	Phase III	Emerging	16	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01424033 — A Clinical Trial for CTD-ILD Treatment (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04793646 — N-acetylcysteine for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Systematic review Curcumin for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systemat… Systematic review Effects of curcumin and Curcuma longa extract on inflammatory biomarker… Systematic review Effect of curcumin on inflammatory markers and disease activity in pati…	Food compound	Phase I	Emerging	16	3 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02543931 — Curcuma Longa L in Rheumatoid Arthritis (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT00752154 — Curcumin in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06478290 — Pilot Assessment of the Safety of a Combination of Curcumin, Omega-3, and Vitamin D Supplements in ACPA+ Individuals (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Systematic review Curcumin for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Systematic review Effects of curcumin and Curcuma longa extract on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2025) Systematic review Effect of curcumin on inflammatory markers and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis (Medicine, 2025) Systematic review Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2023) Systematic review Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenols in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Type-Ii Collagen Natural product Cochrane review Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii extracts i… Systematic review Is collagen supplementation friend or foe in rheumatoid arthritis and o… Human Study Type II collagen is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Moderate	10	3 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 19 Trial pubs 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01123655 — Phase 1 Trial of Type II Collagen (CII) APL A12 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00001614 — The Safety and Efficacy of Chicken Type II Collagen on Uveitis Associated With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00000401 — Oral Collagen for Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii extracts in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies (Scientific reports, 2025) Systematic review Is collagen supplementation friend or foe in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis? A comprehensive systematic review (International journal of rheumatic diseases, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Rose Hip Natural product Clinical trial publication Rose hip herbal remedy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a random…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Rose hip herbal remedy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - a randomised controlled trial (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Velvet Antler Natural product Systematic review Health benefits of deer and elk velvet antler supplements: a systematic… Randomized controlled trial A randomized clinical trial of elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis Randomized controlled trial Elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis: phase II trial	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	2 RCT View evidence Published literature Systematic review Health benefits of deer and elk velvet antler supplements: a systematic review of randomised controlled studies (The New Zealand medical journal, 2012) Randomized controlled trial A randomized clinical trial of elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis (Biological research for nursing, 2008) Randomized controlled trial Elk velvet antler in rheumatoid arthritis: phase II trial (Biological research for nursing, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Boron Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
King of Bitters Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Purslane Extract Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Ginger Natural product Animal Study Ginger contains compounds with significant joint-protective effects in… Animal Study Ginger extract is superior to the NSAID drug indomethacin in a rat mode…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Folate Natural product Human Study Folate supplementation is protective against methotrexate induced side…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03707535 — To Compare the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Safety Between CT-P13 and China Approved Remicade When Co-administered With Methotrexate in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02456844 — Study to Investigate the Effect of BMS-986142 on the Pharmacokinetics (PK) of Methotrexate and Probe Substrate Cocktail in Healthy Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06565273 — Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of FBL-MTX in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03028467 — Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Safety of GSK3196165 in Combination With Methotrexate in Japanese Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT03589833 — Effectiveness and Safety of Yisaipu Combined With Tripterygium Wilfordii for Active RA (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01308255 — Infliximab as Induction Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (IDEA) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02930343 — Comparison of Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Therapy in Patients With RA Failing Methotrexate Monotherapy (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT02644499 — Comparison of Combination Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs With Methotrexate Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study Vitamin D deficiency is more common in RA patients and may be one of th… Human Study Vitamin E exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rheumatoid… Vitamin K(2) may represent a new agent for the treatment of rheumatoid…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	8 trials 11 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00570934 — Supplementation With Vitamin D, Calcium or Both on Calcium Absorption and Bone Mineral Content in Children With JRA (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02243800 — Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Cholecalciferol Supplementation on the Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01718925 — 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Fatigue: The VITALITY Study (COMPLETED) NCT06716476 — Impact of Vitamin D in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02932644 — Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) NCT00138983 — Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Rheumatic Diseases: Alendronate Versus Alfacalcidol. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01400516 — Teriparatide for Joint Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The TERA Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02944799 — Alendronate Treatment of Osteoporosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Hesperidin Natural product Animal Study A combination of diosmin and hesperidin (Detralex) attenuates adjuvant-…	Food compound	Preclinical	Moderate	10	—	Examine.com, GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo Examine.com
Lycopene Natural product Animal Study Lycopene used as anti-inflammatory nanodrug for the treatment of rheuma…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Vitamin K Natural product Human Study Vitamin D deficiency is more common in RA patients and may be one of th… Human Study Vitamin E exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rheumatoid… Vitamin K(2) may represent a new agent for the treatment of rheumatoid…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Clinical trial publication Oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid did not affect lipid peroxidat… Clinical trial publication Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers… Clinical trial publication Effects of antioxidant supplements intervention on the level of plasma…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	3 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Oral administration of alpha-lipoic acid did not affect lipid peroxidation and antioxidant biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis patients (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2019) Clinical trial publication Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients (Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2015) Clinical trial publication Effects of antioxidant supplements intervention on the level of plasma inflammatory molecules and disease severity of rheumatoid arthritis patients (Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Black Seed Oil Natural product Human Study Blackcurrant seed oil is a potentially effective treatment for active r… Human Study Curcumin induces programmed cell death and inhibits proinflammatory pro… Animal Study Brazillian black mud treatment has a protective effect in chronic exper…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Coenzyme Q10 Natural product Systematic review Modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis: a… Systematic review Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	No indexed hits View evidence Published literature Systematic review Modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of nutraceutical interventions (Inflammopharmacology, 2025) Systematic review Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Feverfew Natural product Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies Feverfew in rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind, placebo controlled st…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Cochrane review Efficacy of Spice Supplementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic… Cochrane review Do Interventions with Diet or Dietary Supplements Reduce the Disease Ac…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	2 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of Spice Supplementation in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Review (Nutrients, 2020) Cochrane review Do Interventions with Diet or Dietary Supplements Reduce the Disease Activity Score in Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Nutrients, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Selenium Natural product Human Study Selenium supplementation improves symptoms and has a drug sparing effec…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	3 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product Animal Study Resveratrol inhibits the inflammatory process in an experimental model… Human Study Transient remission of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after measles. In Vitro Study Resveratrol could suppress hyperplasia of synovial cells, a critical fa…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Glucosamine Natural product Human Study A combination of glucosamine, chondroitin and quercetin significantly i… Human Study Glucosamine improves symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Quercetin Natural product Human Study A combination of glucosamine, chondroitin and quercetin significantly i… In Vitro Study Curcumin and quercetin inhibit inflammatory processes associated with a…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Reishi Natural product In Vitro Study Reishi (Ganoderma) suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokin… Reishi and San Miao San mushroom is safe and efficacious as an analgesi…	Mushroom	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Chondroitin Natural product Human Study A combination of glucosamine, chondroitin and quercetin significantly i…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Egcg Natural product Animal Study Green tea consumption is possibly beneficial for the liver and brain of… In Vitro Study EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, induces programmed cell death in rheumato… In Vitro Study EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, may play a role in regulating inflammatio…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Ginseng Natural product Animal Study Panax Ginseng has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity similar to i…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Berberine Natural product In Vitro Study Berberine is a potential candidate for therapeutic targeting of IL-21/I…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Boswellia Natural product Review Boswellia's immunomodulatory properties may make it ideal for the…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Silymarin Natural product In Vitro Study Policosanol level in the seed oils might contribute to their anti-arthr…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—	GreenMedInfo	PubChem GreenMedInfo
Zileuton Natural product Population pharmacokinetics of zileution, a selective 5-lipoxygenase in… Zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor in rheumatoid arthritis	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Omeprazole Natural product Efficacy and safety of celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in el… Risk factors associated with a decrease ≥2 g/dL in haemoglobin and/or ≥… Interleukin-6 and cytochrome-P450, reason for concern?	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Motesanib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Doramapimod Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Erlotinib Natural product Diagnosis of miliary nodules as lung adenocarcinoma by cryobiopsy: A ca… Amelioration of experimental arthritis by intra-articular injection of… Erlotinib and gefitinib, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibi…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Pazopanib Natural product Identification of Potential Therapeutic Agents for Primary Amebic Menin… Current status of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition in age-…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Imatinib Natural product Ulcerative keratitis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients treated…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Midostaurin Natural product Identification of Potential Therapeutic Agents for Primary Amebic Menin… Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors: A… Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors: A…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Staurosporine Natural product Phytochemical Profiling, In Vitro and In Silico Anti-Microbial and Anti… Efficient neutrophil extracellular trap induction requires mobilization… Cardiovascular pharmacology of sinomenine: the mechanical and electroph…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Lestaurtinib Natural product Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory and neop…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
A-443654 Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Nintedanib Natural product Nintedanib combined with dual immunosuppression for interstitial lung d… Efficacy of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature re… Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease:…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Fedratinib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Masitinib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Axitinib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Hesperidin Natural product Animal Study A combination of diosmin and hesperidin (Detralex) attenuates adjuvant-…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
(2R,4S)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Butyrate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Cod Liver Oil Natural product Human Study Cod liver oil (omega-3 Fatty Acids) reduces the need for NSAIDs in pati… Human Study Cod liver oil is safe and efficacious in the treatment of rheumatoid ar… Human Study The concomitant consumption of cod liver oil causes a reduction in the…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Nettle Natural product In Vitro Study Compounds isolated from Urticae fissae possessed potent anti-complement… In Vitro Study Nettle leaf contains a compound which exhibits antirheumatic activity.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) Natural product In Vitro Study EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, induces programmed cell death in rheumato… In Vitro Study EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, may play a role in regulating inflammatio…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Wheat Germ Natural product Human Study A fermented wheat germ extract significantly improves patients with sev…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Bee Venom Natural product Human Study Bee venom has both a synergist and drug sparing effect when combined wi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Black Currant Natural product Human Study Blackcurrant seed oil is a potentially effective treatment for active r… Animal Study Brazillian black mud treatment has a protective effect in chronic exper…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Cat's Claw Natural product Human Study Cats claw (Uncaria tomentosa) has therapeutic value in patients with ac… Human Study Devils claw is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for mil…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Devils Claw Natural product Human Study Devils claw is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for mil… Human Study Cats claw (Uncaria tomentosa) has therapeutic value in patients with ac…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Sinomenine Natural product Human In Vitro, Human Study Effects of sinomenine on the proliferation, cytokine production, and re…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Tripterygium Wilfordii Natural product Human Study Tripterygium wilfordii contains a compound which improves the safety an…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Collagen Natural product Human Study Type II collagen is an effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Animal Study Gotu kola prevents collagen II induced arthritis in mice and may provid… In Vitro Study Paeoniflorin ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Diosmin Natural product Animal Study A combination of diosmin and hesperidin (Detralex) attenuates adjuvant-…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Gotu Kola Natural product Animal Study Gotu kola prevents collagen II induced arthritis in mice and may provid…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Catechin Natural product Animal Study Green tea consumption is possibly beneficial for the liver and brain of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Sesamol Natural product Animal Study Sesamol serves as a p53 stabilizer to relieve rheumatoid arthritis prog…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Tangeretin Natural product Animal Study Tangeretin might have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatmen…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo
Gamma-Linoleic Acid (GLA) Natural product Review A meta-analysis from seven studies demonstrate that dosages of GLA of 1…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	GreenMedInfo	GreenMedInfo

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.

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Remission & chronicity

Alterations

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Natural Products

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