Remission & chronicity
Spontaneous remission
Acute flares self-resolve in 7-14 days without treatment; but urate crystal deposition continues; only 10-15% achieve serum urate <360 µmol/L spontaneously without ULT; progressive tophus formation and joint damage in untreated patients
Best-intervention remission
Allopurinol/febuxostat: serum urate target (<360 µmol/L) achieved in 60-70% if adequately dosed; treat-to-target with regular monitoring: 80-90% flare-free at 2 years; pegloticase: 40% complete tophus resolution at 6 months in refractory patients
Gap size
Very large — gout is one of the most undertreated diseases in medicine despite highly effective therapy
Primary barrier
framing/practice
Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents
Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: ● Clinical > ● Mechanistic > ● Correlative.
ABCG2
| Therapeutic Agent | Effect Direction | Evidence Tier | Potency | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOLIC ACID | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| VORICONAZOLE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| AXITINIB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| OSIMERTINIB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| FELODIPINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TELMISARTAN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DELAVIRDINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| SIROLIMUS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| SILYMARIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CYCLOSPORINE | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 63095.73 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| ALVOCIDIB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ANHYDROUS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TENOFOVIR | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PACLITAXEL | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ERLOTINIB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| EFAVIRENZ | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DOLUTEGRAVIR SODIUM | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| IGURATIMOD | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| SORAFENIB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| KETOCONAZOLE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ELACRIDAR | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 410.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| PRASTERONE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| RHODAMINE123 | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PRAZOSIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PRAVASTATIN SODIUM | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| SN-38 | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| IMATINIB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 4897.79 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| RISPERIDONE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| FLUVASTATIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ZIDOVUDINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| NILOTINIB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CHEMBL:CHEMBL428402 | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| LOVASTATIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ITRACONAZOLE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DIFLOMOTECAN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb |
Showing top 40 of 188 agents ranked by evidence tier.
IL1B
| Therapeutic Agent | Effect Direction | Evidence Tier | Potency | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASPIRIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| MAFOSFAMIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DIACETYLRHEIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| INFLIXIMAB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| LANSOPRAZOLE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TILUDRONIC ACID | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| GEVOKIZUMAB | ~ modulates | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| LUTIKIZUMAB | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CELASTROL | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CYTARABINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| RILONACEPT | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TT-301 | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| METFORMIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ANTICONVULSANT AGENT | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ACITRETIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ERYTHROMYCIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ALTEPLASE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| OFLOXACIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PENTOXIFYLLINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| USTEKINUMAB | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| LITHIUM | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DRUGSATFDA.NDA:008378 | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| NICARDIPINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| GLUCOSAMINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PAREGORIC | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CEFACLOR ANHYDROUS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| IBUDILAST | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| MELATONIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PENTAMIDINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PRAVASTATIN SODIUM | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| VERAPAMIL | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| THYROGLOBULIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| RISEDRONIC ACID | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| AUTOANTIGEN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CDP-484 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ETIDRONIC ACID | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb |
Showing top 40 of 218 agents ranked by evidence tier.
NLRP3
| Therapeutic Agent | Effect Direction | Evidence Tier | Potency | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANAKINRA | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ALAPROCLATE HYDROCHLORIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 8020.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| ENCLOMIPHENE CITRATE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CHEMBL:CHEMBL585591 | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| 4'-METHOXYFLAVONE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 31000.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| DAPANSUTRILE | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CHEMBL:CHEMBL602526 | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TRICLOCARBAN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 1490.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| CLIOXANIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 1610.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| CHEMBL1336269 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 8010.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1596681 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 9020.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1447078 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 53900.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1457403 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 4790.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1539913 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 35400.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1366588 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 2070.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1709001 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 14900.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1329507 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 11000.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1507547 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 76600.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CLOMIPHENE | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 29300.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1339092 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 11700.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1574982 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 3530.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1558285 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 14300.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL3193158 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 7300.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1339245 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 9700.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1386774 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 4910.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1412902 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 10300.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1347185 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 6600.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1343658 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1940.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1602195 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 2900.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1334557 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 5920.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1711405 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 23300.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL3192672 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 45500.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1563728 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 3160.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1505335 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 41800.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1447669 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 8190.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1427059 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1970.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1505307 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 43400.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL602526 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1620.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1398317 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 13700.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL3191011 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 24300.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
Showing top 40 of 138 agents ranked by evidence tier.
SLC22A12
| Therapeutic Agent | Effect Direction | Evidence Tier | Potency | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VERINURAD | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 23.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| ARHALOFENATE | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PRATOSARTAN | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| IDARUBICIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DOTINURAD | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| BENZBROMARONE | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 300.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| LOSARTAN POTASSIUM | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| SHR-4640 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 33.7 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| FLUDARABINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| GEMTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CYTARABINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| LESINURAD | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 6700.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| SULFINPYRAZONE | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 100000.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| MORIN | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 2000.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| PROBENECID | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 50000.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767090 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 2490.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767088 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 2460.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| BENZARONE | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 2800.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767079 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 138.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767091 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 6680.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767094 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 33650.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767097 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 3920.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767099 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1130.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767100 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 19690.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767105 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 3940.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767106 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 42.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767107 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 189.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767108 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 358.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767109 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 83.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767110 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1440.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767111 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 287.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767112 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 111.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767113 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1650.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767114 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 177.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767115 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 23460.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767116 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 667.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL1767117 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 772.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL3745776 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 158.8 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL3745813 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1189.0 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
| CHEMBL3747053 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 333.4 nM (IC50) | ChEMBL |
Showing top 40 of 200 agents ranked by evidence tier.
| Therapeutic Agent | Effect Direction | Evidence Tier | Potency | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| THERAPEUTIC GLUCOCORTICOID | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| MERCAPTOPURINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| QUERCETIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 3000.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| DIDANOSINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| INSULIN, REGULAR, HUMAN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| BENZODIAZEPINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ROXITHROMYCIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| FEBUXOSTAT | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 30.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| FOSDENOPTERIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| FENTANYL CITRATE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ALLOPURINOL | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 4200.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| ALLOPURINOL SODIUM | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| VINCRISTINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| PAPAVERINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| RICIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| RECOMBINANT INTERFERON | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| FOLIC ACID | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| AZITHROMYCIN ANHYDROUS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CHEMOPREVENTIVE AGENT | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| METHYLENE BLUE ANHYDROUS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TIGULIXOSTAT | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| ERYTHROMYCIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CARVEDILOL | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| MISONIDAZOLE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| SIALYL TN ANTIGEN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CURCUMIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| NITROFURANTOIN, MACROCRYSTALS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| HYPOXANTHINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| MITOMYCIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| THIOGUANINE | ? unclear | Mechanistic | 92420.0 nM (IC50) | DGIdb |
| DAUNORUBICIN LIPOSOMAL | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| OXYPURINOL | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 1000.0 nM (Ki) | DGIdb |
| CHINESE HERBS | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| TOPIROXOSTAT | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| BENDAZAC | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| OTERACIL POTASSIUM | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CLARITHROMYCIN | ? unclear | Mechanistic | DGIdb | |
| CHEMBL87562 | ↓ inhibits | Mechanistic | 330.0 nM (Ki) | ChEMBL |
Showing top 40 of 189 agents ranked by evidence tier.
Clinical Trials
Recruiting and recently completed trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Data retrieved 2026-07-06.
No recent clinical trials found on ClinicalTrials.gov for this condition.
Agents Found By Disease-Level Search
Searched directly from “Gout” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 5-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).
Not yet run. python -m biomarker_pipeline.run_disease_agent_discovery --disease "..."